Question

which process is characterized by the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the plasma membrane without the use of energy? dynamic equilibrium passive transport hypertonic transport active transport

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Dynamic equilibrium: Describes a state, not a transport process without energy.
• Hypertonic transport: Not a standard term; hypertonic refers to solution concentration, not a transport type.
• Active transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move particles against concentration gradient (low to high), so not this.
• Passive transport: Moves particles from high to low concentration (down concentration gradient) without energy (e.g., diffusion, osmosis). This matches the description.

Answer:

passive transport