Question

which of the following is not considered a cultural universal?
a. language
b. material objects
c. appropriation
d. family systems
question 18
what is often identified as the most important agent of socialization?
a. your personality
b. your genetic makeup
c. your self - concept
d. none of the above
question 19
which is part of the looking - glass self theory?
a. we act in certain ways to be accepted in society.
b. we play different parts determined by different situations.
c. we go through stages of play in our childhood.

Explanation:

• Question 17: Cultural universals are elements, patterns, traits, or institutions that are common to all human cultures. Language (A) is a means of communication present in all cultures. Material objects (B) like tools or shelters exist in all cultures. Family systems (D) are fundamental social units across cultures. Appropriation (C) is taking something from another culture (often in a disrespectful way), which is not a universal positive or neutral cultural element found in the same essential form in all cultures.
• Question 18: Agents of socialization are institutions or groups that help individuals learn social norms. Personality (A) and genetic makeup (B) are individual traits, not agents. Self - concept (C) is a result of socialization, not an agent. The main agents are family, school, media etc., so “None of the above” (D) is correct.
• Question 19: The Looking - Glass Self Theory (by Cooley) states that we imagine how we appear to others, imagine their judgment of that appearance, and then develop a self - concept based on those judgments. Acting in ways to be accepted (A) aligns with this as we consider others' views (a key part of the theory). Playing different parts (B) is more related to role theory. Stages of play (C) is related to Mead's theory of socialization through play.

Answer:

• Question 17: C. Appropriation
• Question 18: D. None of the above
• Question 19: A. We act in certain ways to be accepted in society.