Question

where do light independent reactions (calvin cycle) take place

cytosol

stroma

thylakoid

grana

Explanation:

The Calvin Cycle (Light - Independent Reactions) occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. The stroma is the fluid - filled space surrounding the thylakoid membranes. Light - dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes (including grana which are stacks of thylakoids). The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm outside of organelles and is not the site of the Calvin Cycle.

Answer:

Stroma