Question

when citing multiple authors, use:
a. et al
b. initials
c. first names only
d. full names always

what belongs in a journal citation?
a. editor names
b. publisher location
c. table of contents
d. volume number

which best describes paraphrasing?
a. restating ideas
b. copying text exactly
c. quoting directly
d. summarizing multiple sources

in a reference list, authors’ names appear as:
a. last name first
b. full name written out
c. first name first
d. middle initial only

Explanation:

• For the first question: In academic citations, when there are multiple authors, “et al” (which is Latin for “and others”) is commonly used after the first author's name (in certain citation styles like APA) to indicate there are more authors. Initials (b) are not used in this context for multiple - author indication. Using first names only (c) or full names always (d) is not the standard practice for multiple - author citations.
• For the second question: A journal citation typically includes the volume number (d). Editor names (a) are more relevant for edited books. Publisher location (b) is for books (in some citation styles). The table of contents (c) is not part of a journal citation.
• For the third question: Paraphrasing is about restating ideas (a) in one's own words. Copying text exactly (b) is plagiarism. Quoting directly (c) is using the exact words (which is different from paraphrasing). Summarizing multiple sources (d) is a different concept from paraphrasing.
• For the fourth question: In a reference list (e.g., in APA style), authors' names appear with the last name first (a). Full names written out (b) is not the case as initials are often used for first names. First name first (c) is not the standard. Middle initial only (d) is incorrect as the last name is the key part for identification in a reference list.

Answer:

a. Et al
d. Volume number
a. Restating ideas
a. Last name first