Question

1. what is the start codon?
2. what are the stop codons?
3. a bunch of amino acids attached together is called a
4. what are three major differences between dna & rna?

what is the point of transcription?

describe at least 5 things proteins make

circle the correct choice within the parenthesis for

1. (dna/rna) can leave the nucleus.
2. mrna is made during (transcription/translation).
3. mrna is made in the (cytoplasm/nucleus).
4. dna is located in the (nucleus/cytoplasm)
5. (translation/transcription) converts dna into mrna.
6. (mrna/rrna) is used to carry the genetic code from dna to the ribosomes
7. (trna/rrna) makes up the ribosome.

Explanation:

1. Start Codon: In molecular biology, the start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. It is usually AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine.
2. Stop Codons: These are sequences of DNA or RNA that signal the termination of protein synthesis. The three stop codons in the genetic code are UAA, UAG, and UGA.
3. Amino Acids Chain: A bunch of amino acids attached together is called a polypeptide chain. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains.
4. DNA vs RNA:

• Sugar: DNA has deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has ribose sugar.
• Strands: DNA is double - stranded, and RNA is usually single - stranded.
• Base: DNA has thymine, and RNA has uracil.

1. Transcription Purpose: The point of transcription is to copy the genetic information from DNA (which is in the nucleus) into mRNA. This mRNA can then leave the nucleus and carry the genetic code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
2. Proteins Function: Proteins make enzymes (catalyze biochemical reactions), antibodies (immune response), hormones (messengers in the body), structural components (like collagen in skin), and transport molecules (e.g., hemoglobin transports oxygen).
3. Circle the Correct Choice:

• RNA: RNA can leave the nucleus. DNA is too large and remains in the nucleus.
• Transcription: mRNA is made during transcription. Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA.
• Nucleus: mRNA is made in the nucleus. The DNA template is in the nucleus, and the transcription machinery is also there.
• Nucleus: DNA is located in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells).
• Transcription: Transcription converts DNA into mRNA.
• mRNA: mRNA is used to carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes.
• rRNA: rRNA makes up the ribosome. tRNA is involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Answer:

1. AUG
2. UAA, UAG, UGA
3. polypeptide chain
4. DNA has deoxyribose sugar (RNA has ribose), DNA is double - stranded (RNA is usually single - stranded), DNA has thymine (RNA has uracil)
5. To copy genetic information from DNA to mRNA
6. Enzymes, antibodies, hormones, structural components, transport molecules

7.

• RNA
• Transcription
• Nucleus
• Nucleus
• Transcription
• mRNA
• rRNA