Question

what are some typical examples of pioneer species in primary succession? lichens and mosses insects and birds trees and shrubs

Explanation:

Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas. Pioneer species are the first to colonize. Lichens (a symbiotic organism of fungi and algae/cyanobacteria) can break down rocks. Mosses can grow in thin soil formed by lichens' action. They help create more favorable conditions for other plants. Insects and birds come later as the ecosystem develops. Trees and shrubs are part of later - stage communities in succession.

Answer:

lichens and mosses