Question

1. what is the main idea of this text?

a. capitalism is driven by two forces called supply and demand, while communism is driven by the desire to redistribute wealth through high income taxes.
b. karl marx and friedrich engels created communism and believed it would lead to a workers revolution where everyone would live equally and resources would be shared.
c. capitalism and communism are imperfect systems with opposing theories on property, competition, and wealth that have shaped societies around the world.
d. adam smiths wealth of nations set out the principles of capitalism, while karl marx and friedrich engels the communist manifesto set out the principles of communism.

1. please read the following sentences from the text.

\these strengths of capitalism, however, can have negative consequences when put into practice. critics note that, without proper government regulation, capitalism can incentivize businesses to put profit over the well - being of their workers.\
as used in this excerpt, what does the word \incentivize\ most closely mean?
a. punish or discourage
b. remove or discard
c. question or investigate
d. encourage or motivate

1. choose the answer that best completes the sentence below.

according to marx and engels, ______ new technologies were developed, workers became part of the means of production for rich business owners.
a. otherwise
b. such as
c. after
d. initially

Explanation:

• Question 5:
• Option A only mentions one aspect of capitalism and communism (drivers), not the main idea of the text which is about how these systems shape societies with their opposing theories.
• Option B focuses on the creation of communism by Marx and Engels, not the overall comparison and impact of both systems.
• Option C correctly summarizes that capitalism and communism are imperfect systems with opposing theories (on property, competition, wealth) that have shaped societies, which is likely the main idea.
• Option D just talks about the origin of the principles of the two systems, not their overall role in shaping societies.
• Question 6:
• In the context, without government regulation, capitalism can make businesses prioritize profit. "Incentivize" here means to encourage or motivate (as in giving an incentive/motivation) businesses to do so. Options A (punish/discourage), B (remove/discard), and C (question/investigate) do not fit the context.
• Question 7:
• The sentence implies a temporal relationship. "After" new technologies were developed, workers became part of the means of production. "Otherwise" (used for a contrast in a conditional sense), "such as" (for examples), and "initially" (at first, not indicating a proper sequence here) do not fit the logical flow as well as "after".

Answer:

1. C. Capitalism and communism are imperfect systems with opposing theories on property, competition, and wealth that have shaped societies around the world.
2. D. encourage or motivate
3. C. after