Question

what is the main difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
a eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.
b only eukaryotic cells have its genetic material surrounded by a membrane.
c prokaryotic cells have many organelles, each with their own specialization function.
d eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane and a cell wall; prokaryotes have a membrane only.

Explanation:

• Option A: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option B: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus (a membrane - bound organelle that houses the genetic material), while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region (where the genetic material is located but not surrounded by a membrane). This is a key difference.
• Option C: Prokaryotic cells have fewer organelles compared to eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have many specialized organelles. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option D: Some eukaryotic cells (like animal cells) do not have a cell wall. Also, some prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) have a cell wall. So, this option is incorrect.

Answer:

B. Only eukaryotic cells have its genetic material surrounded by a membrane.