Question

there are about 20 different kinds of amino acids? first is a central carbon atom. second is a carboxyl group (-cooh). third is an amino group (-nh2). fourth is a hydrogen. the fifth group is a variable r group. the only difference in the 20 kinds of amino acids is the r group. some r groups are very small, others are large, and even others form chains and rings. the sequence and shapes of the r groups control the shape and function of the protein. 32. how many different amino acids are there? 33. what part of the amino acid varies from one amino acid to another? 34. what determines the shape and function of a protein? nucleic acids the fourth class of organic molecules is the nucleic acids. dna and rna. dna is the blueprint of life because it contains instructions on how to make proteins in the body. each individuals dna is unique, which means that each of us looks and behaves differently. rna is a copy of dna. because dna cant leave the cells nucleus, and because proteins are constructed outside of the nucleus in the cytoplasm, the rna is necessary to carry the instructions from dna to the cytoplasm where the protein is made. 35. what are the two types of nucleic acids? a. b 36. what is the role of dna? 37. how does the role of rna differ from that of dna?

Explanation:

1. Amino acids are building - blocks of proteins. There are 20 different kinds mainly differentiated by their 'R' groups which vary in size, shape and chemical properties, affecting protein structure and function.
2. The 'R' group (side - chain) of an amino acid is what varies from one amino acid to another, giving each its unique properties.
3. The sequence and combination of amino acids (determined by the 'R' groups) along with hydrogen bonding and other interactions determine the shape and function of a protein. Different shapes lead to different functions like enzymes having specific active - sites.
4. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA stores genetic information, while RNA is involved in processes like transcription and translation to make proteins.
5. DNA is the blueprint of life, storing genetic information in the form of a sequence of nucleotides. It is double - stranded and stable, allowing for long - term storage of genetic material.
6. RNA has several roles different from DNA. It can act as a messenger (mRNA) carrying genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis, as a transfer molecule (tRNA) bringing amino acids to the ribosome, and as a ribosomal component (rRNA) involved in the structure of ribosomes.

Answer:

1. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids mainly due to the variation in their 'R' groups which control the shape and function of the protein.
2. The 'R' group of an amino acid varies from one amino acid to another.
3. The sequence and combination of amino acids (due to 'R' groups) along with interactions determine protein shape and function.
4. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.
5. DNA is the blueprint of life, storing genetic information.
6. RNA acts as a messenger, transfer molecule and ribosomal component, different from DNA's role of storing genetic information.