Question

a student crossed plants that were heterozygous for the traits of flower color, seed color, and seed shape as part of an investigation designed to verify the results of gregor me experiments. the table below displays the results:

characteristic	offspring phenotypes	ratio
seed color	6,002 yellow, 2,001 green	3:1
seed shape	5,474 round, 1,850 wrinkled	3:1

based on the information in the table, which of the following is a valid conclusion? (aks 7e)
a purple and white flowers are codominant.
b white flowers are dominant.
c yellow seeds are recessive.
d wrinkled seeds are recessive.

Explanation:

1. Analyze Option A: Codominance would show both traits equally (e.g., purple - white flowers), but the ratio is 3:1 (purple: white), so codominance is incorrect.
2. Analyze Option B: The ratio for flower color is 705 purple : 224 white ≈ 3:1. In a 3:1 ratio, the dominant trait is more frequent. So white flowers being dominant contradicts the ratio (purple is more), so B is wrong.
3. Analyze Option C: Seed color ratio is 6002 yellow : 2001 green ≈ 3:1. In a 3:1 ratio, the recessive trait is less frequent. But yellow is more, so yellow being recessive is wrong (recessive should be green).
4. Analyze Option D: Seed shape ratio is 5474 round : 1850 wrinkled ≈ 3:1. In a 3:1 ratio from a heterozygous cross, the recessive trait (wrinkled) is less frequent, matching the ratio. So wrinkled seeds being recessive is valid.

Answer:

D. Wrinkled seeds are recessive.