Question

a scientist is studying the fossil records of organisms in an attempt to explain how the distribution of ecosystems has changed over time. he notices that fossils on the coast of south america are very similar to the fossils in africa. however, the organisms that resemble the fossils are still alive in africa but not in south america. which of the following best explains the findings of the scientist?
continental plates shifted, and environmental factors are different.
large extraterrestrial objects hit earth, and the environment became different.
ocean water temperature changed and caused a mass extinction in the americas.
worldwide global temperature changes caused a change in climates.

Explanation:

The scientist's findings can be explained by the theory of continental - drift. Continental plates shifted, which led to different environmental factors in different regions. This can account for similar fossils in different locations and the survival of related organisms in one place but not another.

Answer:

Continental plates shifted, and environmental factors are different.