Question

scientific revolution & enlightenment

1. ______ argued for the heliocentric model.
2. ______ used a telescope to support heliocentrism.
3. ______ discovered the laws of motion and gravity.
4. john locke believed all people have ______ rights.
5. montesquieu promoted ____ of ____ .
6. the scientific revolution emphasized ____ and ____ .

Explanation:

Question 16:

The heliocentric model (Sun - centered) was argued for by Copernicus (Nicolaus Copernicus). He proposed that the Sun is at the center of the solar system, challenging the geocentric (Earth - centered) model that was widely accepted at the time.

Question 17:

Galileo Galilei used a telescope to observe celestial bodies. His observations, such as the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter, provided evidence in support of the heliocentric model.

Question 18:

Isaac Newton discovered the three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. These laws are fundamental in the field of physics and describe the motion of objects and the gravitational interaction between them.

Question 19:

John Locke, an Enlightenment philosopher, believed that all people have natural rights. Specifically, he proposed that individuals have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Question 20:

Montesquieu (Charles - Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu) promoted the separation of powers (separation of powers). He advocated for dividing the government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, to prevent the concentration of power and protect against tyranny.

Question 21:

The Scientific Revolution emphasized reason and empiricism (or "observation/experimentation"). It was a shift from relying on traditional authorities (like the Church or ancient texts) to using logical reasoning and evidence from experiments and observations to understand the natural world.

Answer:

1. Copernicus (Nicolaus Copernicus) argued for the heliocentric model.
2. Galileo Galilei used a telescope to support heliocentrism.
3. Isaac Newton discovered the laws of motion and gravity.
4. John Locke believed all people have natural (life, liberty, property) rights.
5. Montesquieu promoted separation of powers.
6. The Scientific Revolution emphasized reason and empiricism (or observation/experimentation).