Question

rna: ribonucleic acid: how dna communicates its message.

• rna is the genetic material of some viruses and is necessary in all organisms for ___ synthesis to occur.
• like dna, all rna molecules have a similar chemical organization, consisting of nucleotides.
• like dna, each rna nucleotide is also composed of three subunits:

① a 5 - carbon sugar called ___
② a ___ group that is attached to one end of the sugar molecule
③ one of several different nitrogenous ___ linked to the opposite end of the ribose.

• there is one base that is different from dna - the base ___ is used instead of thymine (g, a, c, are otherwise the same as for dna)
• rna is ___ stranded, unlike dna which is double stranded. rna, therefore, is not a double helix.
• rna is produced from dna by a process called ___

the steps of transcription are as follows:
①. a specific section of dna ___, exposing a set of bases
②. along one strand of dna (called the \template\ strand, complementary rna bases are brought in.

• the enzyme involved is ___
• in rna, uracil binds to the adenine on dna.
• as in dna, cytosine binds to guanine.
• the other strand of the dna molecule (the \sense\ strand), isnt read in eukaryotic cells.

③. adjacent rna nucleotides form ___ bonds.

• the rna strand is ___ from dna (rna is a single - stranded nucleic acid).
• the dna molecule ___, and returns to its normal double helix form.
• rna can then leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore and go into the ___
• this process occurs in the nucleus (and, in particular, dark coloured spots in the nucleus called ___ (singular = nucleolus))

Explanation:

• For the first blank in the RNA nucleotide subunits: RNA has ribose as its 5 - carbon sugar.
• The second blank: Nucleotides have a phosphate group.
• The third blank: Nitrogenous bases are part of nucleotides.
• The base different from DNA in RNA: Uracil.
• RNA strand nature: Single - stranded.
• Process of RNA production from DNA: Transcription.
• Enzyme in transcription: RNA polymerase.
• Bonds between adjacent RNA nucleotides: Phosphodiester.
• RNA strand origin: Complementary copy.
• DNA after transcription: Re - zips.
• Place RNA goes after nucleus: Cytoplasm.
• Nuclear structure related: Nucleoli.

Answer:

1. ribose
2. phosphate
3. bases
4. Uracil
5. single
6. transcription
7. RNA polymerase
8. phosphodiester
9. complementary copy
10. re - zips
11. cytoplasm
12. nucleoli