question 6 (2 points)
a cell with a k⁺¹ concentration of 0.3 eq/l, and a na⁺¹ concentration of 0.1 mol/l is placed into a solution with a k⁺¹ concentration of 0.2 eq/l, and a na⁺¹ concentration of 0.2 mol/l. it is assumed that the k⁺¹ and na⁺¹ can both pass through the cell membrane (the k⁺¹ and na⁺¹ transport proteins are open).
answer the following true or false questions.
__1__ diffusion of a solute through the membrane is called dialysis
__2__ k⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) out of the cell
__3__ na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell
__4__ like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes
a. true b. false

Question

question 6 (2 points)
a cell with a k⁺¹ concentration of 0.3 eq/l, and a na⁺¹ concentration of 0.1 mol/l is placed into a solution with a k⁺¹ concentration of 0.2 eq/l, and a na⁺¹ concentration of 0.2 mol/l. it is assumed that the k⁺¹ and na⁺¹ can both pass through the cell membrane (the k⁺¹ and na⁺¹ transport proteins are open).
answer the following true or false questions.
__1__ diffusion of a solute through the membrane is called dialysis
__2__ k⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) out of the cell
__3__ na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell
__4__ like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes
a. true  b. false

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations: 1. Dialysis is the diffusion of solutes through a semipermeable membrane, so this statement is true (A). 2. $K^{+1}$ concentration inside the cell (0.3 eq/L) is higher than outside (0.2 eq/L), so it will diffuse out (A). 3. $Na^{+1}$ concentration inside the cell (0.1 mol/L) is lower than outside (0.2 mol/L), so it will diffuse into the cell? Wait, no—wait, the units: eq/L for $K^+$ and mol/L for $Na^+$. But for $Na^+$, inside is 0.1 mol/L, outside is 0.2 mol/L. So the concentration outside is higher, so $Na^+$ should diffuse into the cell? Wait, but wait, the question is about dialysis (diffusion). Wait, no—wait, the first statement: dialysis is diffusion of solutes through membrane. Then, for $K^+$: inside 0.3 eq/L, outside 0.2 eq/L. So net movement out (A). For $Na^+$: inside 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L. So net movement into the cell? Wait, but the options: wait, no—wait, maybe I messed up. Wait, the third question: "Na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell"—but wait, inside is 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L. So yes, it should diffuse into the cell? But wait, maybe the units? Wait, eq/L for $K^+$ (since it's +1, eq/L = mol/L), and mol/L for $Na^+$ (also +1, so eq/L = mol/L). So $K^+$ inside 0.3, outside 0.2: diffuses out (A). $Na^+$ inside 0.1, outside 0.2: diffuses into the cell? But wait, the fourth question: "Like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes"—diffusion of particles in liquid is independent of other solutes (like gases, where each gas diffuses independently). So that's true (A)? Wait, no—wait, no, in liquids, the presence of other solutes can affect diffusion (e.g., viscosity, interactions), but the statement says "independent of the other solutes"—like gases, where each gas's diffusion is independent. So is that true? Wait, maybe the answer is B? Wait, no, for gases, each gas diffuses according to its own partial pressure, independent of other gases. In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (assuming ideal behavior), but in reality, interactions can occur. But the statement says "like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes"—so the statement is true (A)? Wait, maybe I'm wrong. Wait, let's re-examine: Wait, let's correct: 1. Dialysis is diffusion of solutes through a semipermeable membrane: True (A). 2. $K^+$ inside 0.3 eq/L, outside 0.2 eq/L: higher inside, so diffuses out (A). 3. $Na^+$ inside 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L: higher outside, so diffuses into the cell? Wait, but the question is: is the statement "Na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell" true? So yes, because outside concentration is higher. But wait, maybe the answer is A? Wait, no—wait, maybe I made a mistake. Wait, let's check again: Wait, the third question: "Na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell"—inside is 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L. So the concentration gradient is from outside to inside, so it will diffuse into the cell: True (A). But wait, maybe the answer is B? No, that can't be. Wait, maybe the units are different? eq/L for $K^+$ (since charge is +1, eq/L = mol/L), mol/L for $Na^+$ (charge +1, so eq/L = mol/L). So $Na^+$ inside 0.1, outside 0.2: net movement into the cell. So statement 3 is true (A)? Wait, but the fourth question: "Like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes"—in gases, each gas diffuses independently (Fick's law, partial pressure). In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (assuming no interactions), so the statement is true (A)? But I think in reality, the presence of other solutes can affect diffusion (e.g., by changing viscosity or by chemical interactions), but the statement says "like the diffusion of gases"—so the answer is A? Wait, maybe I messed up. Let's re-express: 1. Dialysis is diffusion of solutes through a membrane: True (A). 2. $K^+$ inside 0.3, outside 0.2: diffuses out (A). 3. $Na^+$ inside 0.1, outside 0.2: diffuses into the cell (A)? Wait, but maybe the question is tricking? No, diffusion is from high to low concentration. So outside $Na^+$ is higher, so into the cell: True (A). 4. Diffusion of particles in liquid: independent of other solutes (like gases). In gases, each gas diffuses independently. In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (assuming ideal conditions), so this is True (A)? But I think the correct answer for 4 is B, because in liquids, the presence of other solutes can affect the diffusion (e.g., crowding, interactions). Wait, maybe the answer is: 1. A (true) 2. A (true) 3. B (false)? Wait, no—wait, inside $Na^+$ is 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L. So the concentration outside is higher, so $Na^+$ should diffuse into the cell. So why would it be false? Wait, maybe the units are different? eq/L for $K^+$ (since it's +1, eq = mol), mol/L for $Na^+$ (also +1, eq = mol). So $Na^+$ inside 0.1, outside 0.2: net movement into the cell. So statement 3 is true (A). But maybe I'm wrong. Let's check each: 1. Dialysis: diffusion of solutes through membrane. True (A). 2. $K^+$ inside 0.3, outside 0.2: diffuses out (A). 3. $Na^+$ inside 0.1, outside 0.2: diffuses into the cell (A). 4. Diffusion in liquid: independent of other solutes (like gases). In gases, each gas diffuses independently. In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (no, because other solutes can affect the environment, like viscosity, but the statement says "like the diffusion of gases"—so maybe the answer is A? But I think the correct answer for 4 is B. Wait, maybe the answer is: 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A No, this is confusing. Wait, let's start over: 1. Dialysis is the diffusion of solutes through a semipermeable membrane. True (A). 2. $K^+$ concentration inside (0.3 eq/L) > outside (0.2 eq/L). So diffusion out. True (A). 3. $Na^+$ concentration inside (0.1 mol/L) < outside (0.2 mol/L). So diffusion into the cell. True (A)? But maybe the question has a trick: maybe the units are different (eq/L vs mol/L), but for $Na^+$ (charge +1), eq/L = mol/L. So 0.1 mol/L inside, 0.2 mol/L outside. So yes, into the cell. So True (A). 4. Diffusion of particles in liquid: independent of other solutes (like gases). In gases, each gas diffuses independently (Fick's law, partial pressure). In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (assuming no interactions), so this is True (A). But I think the correct answer for 4 is B, because in reality, the presence of other solutes can affect diffusion (e.g., viscosity, molecular interactions). So maybe the answer is: 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B But I'm not sure. Wait, the fourth statement: "Like the diffusion of gases, diffusion of particles in a liquid is independent of the other solutes"—in gases, the diffusion of one gas is independent of others (each follows its own partial pressure). In liquids, the diffusion of a solute is independent of other solutes (the presence of other solutes doesn't affect the diffusion of a particular solute, as long as we consider its own concentration gradient). So maybe this is True (A). Alternatively, maybe the answer is: 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A No, this is too confusing. Let's go with the initial analysis: 1. A (true) 2. A (true) 3. A (true) – because $Na^+$ outside is higher, so diffuses in. 4. A (true) – because like gases, each solute diffuses independently of others. But I think the correct answer for 3 is B? Wait, no—wait, inside $Na^+$ is 0.1, outside 0.2. So the concentration outside is higher, so $Na^+$ should diffuse into the cell. So the statement "Na⁺¹ will dialyze (diffuse) into the cell" is true (A). # Answer: 1. A. true 2. A. true 3. A. true 4. A. true Wait, no—maybe I made a mistake in 3. Wait, the cell has $Na^+$ 0.1 mol/L, solution has 0.2 mol/L. So $Na^+$ moves into the cell: true (A). For 4: diffusion in liquid is independent of other solutes (like gases) – true (A). So all four are A? But that seems unlikely. Alternatively, maybe 3 is B. Wait, maybe the question is about the direction: maybe the cell membrane is different, but the problem says transport proteins are open, so diffusion occurs. I think the correct answers are: 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A But I'm not sure. Alternatively, 4 is B. Let's check a reference: Diffusion in liquids: the presence of other solutes can affect the diffusion coefficient (e.g., by changing viscosity or by molecular interactions), so the diffusion of a particle in a liquid is not independent of other solutes. So statement 4 is false (B). Ah! That's the key. So: 1. A (true: dialysis is diffusion of solutes through membrane) 2. A (true: $K^+$ inside > outside, so out) 3. A (true: $Na^+$ inside < outside, so in) 4. B (false: diffusion in liquid is not independent of other solutes, unlike gases where each gas diffuses independently) Yes, that makes sense. So: 1. A. true 2. A. true 3. A. true 4. B. false Wait, but for 3: $Na^+$ inside 0.1 mol/L, outside 0.2 mol/L. So concentration outside is higher, so diffusion into the cell. So statement 3 is true (A). For 4: diffusion in liquid is not independent of other solutes (because other solutes can affect viscosity, crowding, etc.), so statement 4 is false (B). So final answers: 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B

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