Question

question 1
dideoxynucleotides are used in
a. both sanger and high - throughput sequencing.
b. high - throughput dna sequencing but not in sanger sequencing.
c. sanger sequencing but not in high - throughput dna sequencing.
d. neither sanger nor high - throughput sequencing.

question 2
in high - throughput dna sequencing technology...
a. first you have to amplify the template sequence, then mark it with different dyes, then read it.
b. we can read the sequence of one dna template thousands of times.
c. the amplification reaction and the identification of the incorporated nucleotide happen at the same time, on a slide.
d. all nucleotides are marked with the same type of fluorescent dye.

question 3
a promoter is an example of a(n)
a. regulatory sequence.
b. open reading frame.
c. chromatin sequence.
d. rrna gene.

question 4
which organism would most likely have a proteome that is much larger than the genome?
a. one with little alternative splicing
b. one with a great deal of highly repetitive dna
c. one with a great deal of alternative splicing
d. one with little highly repetitive dna

Explanation:

• Question 1: Dideoxynucleotides are used in Sanger sequencing. High - throughput sequencing (e.g., Illumina) does not use dideoxynucleotides in the same way as Sanger. In Sanger sequencing, dideoxynucleotides terminate DNA synthesis at specific bases.
• Question 2: In high - throughput DNA sequencing (e.g., Illumina), amplification (bridge amplification in Illumina) and nucleotide identification (by detecting fluorescently labeled nucleotides) can occur simultaneously on a flow cell (a type of slide). Marking with different dyes and reading after amplification is more characteristic of Sanger - like approaches. Reading one template thousands of times is not the case as high - throughput sequencing reads many different fragments. All nucleotides are not marked with the same dye (each base has a different dye in some high - throughput methods).
• Question 3: A promoter is a regulatory sequence. It controls the initiation of transcription. An open reading frame is a part of a gene that can be translated. Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins, and rRNA genes code for ribosomal RNA.
• Question 4: Alternative splicing allows one gene (from the genome) to code for multiple proteins (in the proteome). If there is a great deal of alternative splicing, the proteome (number of proteins) can be much larger than the genome (number of genes). Little alternative splicing would not lead to a large proteome. Repetitive DNA (highly repetitive or not) is not directly related to the size difference between proteome and genome in terms of coding for proteins.

Answer:

• Question 1: C. Sanger sequencing but not in high - throughput DNA sequencing.
• Question 2: C. the amplification reaction and the identification of the incorporated nucleotide happen at the same time, on a slide.
• Question 3: A. regulatory sequence.
• Question 4: C. One with a great deal of alternative splicing.