Question

question: cellular membrane potential simply means that which of the following is present? answer options: select one of four energy difference concentration gradient electrochemical gradient voltage difference

Explanation:

Cellular membrane potential is the voltage difference across the cell membrane, resulting from the separation of charges (ions) on either side. Energy difference is too vague, concentration gradient is part of it but not the direct definition, and electrochemical gradient combines concentration and electrical gradients, but membrane potential specifically refers to the voltage (electrical potential) difference.

Answer:

D. Voltage difference