Question

question 58
membrane proteins are not directly involved in
a simple diffusion
b facilitated diffusion
c carrier - based transport
d active transport
question 59
penicillin kills bacteria by disrupting their.
a cell wall.
b cell membrane.
c dna.
d ribosomes.
e lysosomes.

Explanation:

• Question 58: Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the help of membrane proteins. Facilitated diffusion, carrier - based transport, and active transport all involve membrane proteins (channels or carriers for facilitated diffusion and carrier - based transport, and pumps for active transport).
• Question 59: Penicillin inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It targets the enzymes involved in the cross - linking of peptidoglycan chains in the cell wall. Bacteria without a properly formed cell wall are more susceptible to osmotic lysis. Cell membranes (antibiotics like polymyxins target them), DNA (e.g., quinolones target DNA - gyrase), ribosomes (e.g., tetracyclines target ribosomes), and lysosomes (not a target of penicillin as bacteria do not have lysosomes in the same sense as eukaryotic cells) are not the targets of penicillin in terms of its main mechanism of killing bacteria.

Answer:

• Question 58: A. simple diffusion
• Question 59: A. cell wall