Question

question 18 of 24 how did the industrial revolution affect european societies during the 18th and 19th centuries?
a. before the industrial revolution, europeans imported most of their manufactured goods from other countries, but afterward, they produced most of their own goods.

b. before the industrial revolution, european industries relied on manual labor to produce goods, but afterward, they began relying on machines.

c. before the industrial revolution, europeans had a broad variety of jobs, but afterward, they worked mainly in agriculture or in factories.

d. before the industrial revolution, europe’s urban centers were growing, but afterward, they became smaller as people moved away from polluted cities.

Explanation:

• Option A: Before the Industrial Revolution, Europe already had domestic manufacturing (e.g., cottage industries), so the claim about mostly importing is incorrect.
• Option B: The Industrial Revolution is defined by the shift from manual labor (e.g., hand - crafting in cottages) to machine - based production (e.g., factories with steam - powered machinery), so this is correct.
• Option C: Before the Industrial Revolution, most people worked in agriculture; after, there was a shift to factory work, so this option has the pre - and post - Revolution job scenarios reversed.
• Option D: The Industrial Revolution led to urbanization as people moved to cities for factory jobs, so urban centers grew, not shrank.

Answer:

B. Before the Industrial Revolution, European industries relied on manual labor to produce goods, but afterward, they began relying on machines.