Question

plants rearrange matter to produce what needed compounds. the model below shows some of the compounds that plants synthesize. boxes x, y, and z represent elements used to make these compounds.
how plants rearrange matter
diagram of a flow chart with boxes and arrows

1. which explanation best supports the claim that elements from substance 1 in the model combine with different elements to form other carbon - based molecules?

(1) the elements in box y are broken down into nitrogen and phosphorus and then rearranged to form lipids.
(2) substance 1 molecules can be joined together to make starch.
(3) the elements in box y are combined with nitrogen to make the ribosomes which are used to form proteins.
(4) substance 1 molecules can be joined together to make dna.

1. based on the information in the model provided, which claim can be made about why substance 1 is needed for plant synthesis?

(1) process b combines substance 1 with other elements to form lipids to be utilized by the plant.
(2) process a rearranges elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form substance 1 to be utilized by the plant.
(3) processes a and c combine nitrogen and phosphorus with substance 1 to form proteins utilized by the plant.
(4) processes b and c rearrange oxygen and substance 1 to form dna and starch utilized by the plant.
(the explanation on the next page)

1. construct an explanation using quantitative evidence for how the cycling of matter in plants relates to changes in carbon amount in the atmosphere and biosphere. 1

blank lines for writing the explanation

Explanation:

For question 39:

• Option A: Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (not nitrogen and phosphorus, which are for nucleic acids), so A is wrong.
• Option B: Starch is made of glucose (subunits of carbohydrate, which is likely Substance 1, a carbon - based molecule like glucose). If Substance 1 subunits (glucose) are joined to make starch, this shows Substance 1 (carbon - based) combines to form other carbon - based molecules, supporting the claim.
• Option C: Proteins need nitrogen, but the claim is about forming other carbon - based molecules. Lipids (from Box Y) combining with nitrogen is not about Substance 1 forming carbon - based molecules, so C is wrong.
• Option D: DNA has nitrogen and phosphorus, Substance 1 (likely carbohydrate) doesn't have these, so D is wrong.

For question 40:

• Option A: Process Y forming lipids from Substance 1 (carbohydrate) doesn't explain how Substance 1 is made, so A is wrong.
• Option B: Photosynthesis (Process A) uses carbon dioxide and water (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) to make glucose (Substance 1, a carbohydrate), which is used by the plant. This explains how Substance 1 is made for plant synthesis.
• Option C: Nitrogen and phosphorus are for nucleic acids, not Substance 1 (carbohydrate) synthesis, so C is wrong.
• Option D: Starch is made from Substance 1, but DNA has nitrogen and phosphorus not from Substance 1 (carbohydrate) and oxygen combination, so D is wrong.

Answer:

1. B. Substance 1 molecules can be joined together to make starch
2. B. Process A rearranges atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to form Substance 1 to be utilized by the plant