Question

plant adaptations
•______ reduce this
problem by moving the
carbon fixation process to
the______, a different
layer of tissue closer to the
surface of the leaf.

• since oxygen does not build

up in the chloroplasts,
photorespiration is
avoided.

Explanation:

C4 plants have a unique adaptation. They move the carbon - fixation process. The mesophyll cells are involved in the initial carbon - fixation steps (fixing \(CO_2\) to a 4 - carbon organic acid). Then, the 4 - carbon organic acid is transported to the bundle - sheath cells where the Calvin cycle (carbon - fixation process in a more \(CO_2\) - rich environment, reducing photorespiration) occurs. Since the problem is about reducing photorespiration by moving carbon - fixation to a different tissue layer (mesophyll cells are closer to the leaf surface compared to bundle - sheath cells in some respects in the context of C4 plant anatomy for carbon - fixation separation), C4 plants and mesophyll cells fit.

Answer:

C4 plants; mesophyll cells