Question

part 1: use data from the table to write phenotypes for these genotypes
trait\tdominant\trecessive
antler size\ttall (a)\tshort (a)
nose color\tblack (n)\tred (n)
ability to fly\tnon - flyer(f)\tcan fly (f)

1. aa -
2. nn -
3. aa -
4. ff -
5. ff -

part 2: label the ornaments as homozygous (ho) or heterozygous (he)
ornaments: ff, nn, aa, nn, ff, aa
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
part 3: use the table above to write genotype(s) for these phenotypes

1. heterozygous tall antlers
2. red nose
3. black nose
4. cannot fly
5. homozygous tall antlers
6. can fly
7. heterozygous non - flyer
8. homozygous dominant nose

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze each sub-question based on genetics principles (dominant/recessive, homozygous/heterozygous)

Sub - 12: Heterozygous tall antlers

Heterozygous means having two different alleles. For antler size, dominant is Tall (A), recessive is Short (a). So heterozygous tall antlers would have one A and one a, genotype $Aa$.

Sub - 13: Red nose

Red nose is recessive (n), so it must be homozygous recessive, genotype $nn$.

Sub - 14: Black nose

Black nose is dominant (N). It can be homozygous dominant (NN) or heterozygous (Nn) since dominant allele shows the phenotype.

Sub - 15: Cannot fly

Cannot fly is dominant (F). So it can be homozygous dominant (FF) or heterozygous (Ff) as dominant allele expresses the phenotype.

Sub - 16: Homozygous tall antlers

Homozygous means two same alleles. For tall antlers (dominant A), homozygous tall is $AA$.

Sub - 17: Can fly

Can fly is recessive (f), so it must be homozygous recessive, genotype $ff$.

Sub - 18: Heterozygous non - flyer

Non - flyer is dominant (F). Heterozygous means one F and one f, so genotype $Ff$.

Sub - 19: Homozygous dominant nose

Nose color dominant is Black (N), homozygous dominant is $NN$.

Step2: Verify each genotype against the trait table

Check each trait's dominant and recessive alleles to ensure the genotype matches the phenotype. For example, red nose is recessive (n), so only $nn$; tall antlers heterozygous is $Aa$ as it has one dominant and one recessive allele for the antler size trait.

Answer:

1. $Aa$
2. $nn$
3. $NN$ or $Nn$
4. $FF$ or $Ff$
5. $AA$
6. $ff$
7. $Ff$
8. $NN$