Question

in observing the \after\ curve (blue line), what can be determined about individuals at the lower end (blue arrow) of this directional selection graph?

they have lower fitness than those at the center and higher end.

their fitness is the same as individuals at the center and higher end.

they have a higher fitness than those at the center and higher end.

Explanation:

In directional selection, individuals at one extreme of a trait distribution are favored. The "AFTER" curve (blue line) shows a shift. Individuals at the lower end (blue arrow) have lower fitness compared to those at the center and higher end as directional selection acts against them.

Answer:

They have lower fitness than those at the center and higher end.