name ______ date ______ period ______
complete the following with the words isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic:
1. solution with fewer solute molecules than the cell: ______ solution
2. solution with more solute molecules than the cell: ______ solution
3. the cell has a higher water concentration than the solution: ______ cell
4. the cell has a lower water concentration than the solution: ______ cell
5. water enters the cell: ______ cell
6. water leaves the cell: ______ cell
7. water concentrations are equal: ______
8. when a cell is placed in this solution, it shrinks: ______ solution
9. when a cell is placed in this solution, it enlarges: ______ solution
tonicity word problems
10. a cell containing 74% water is placed into an environment containing 80% solute. is the environment hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? is the cell hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? will the cell shrink or swell?
11. a cell containing 25% solute is placed into an environment containing 15% solute. in which direction will the water move? will the cell swell or shrink?
12. a cell is placed in a solution of sugar and water. the cell has a sugar solution made up of 15mg of sugar and the outside has a sugar solution made - up of 20mg of sugar. the cell membrane is permeable to both water and sugar. is the cell hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? which way will water move?
13. a cell is placed in a solution of sugar and water. the cell has a 10% sugar concentration and the outside has a 35% sugar concentration. the cell membrane is not permeable to sugar. is the environment hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic? which way will water move? will the cell shrink or swell?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 10
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Find cell's solute concentration
The cell has 74% water, so solute concentration is $100\% - 74\% = 26\%$.
## Step 2: Compare with environment's solute
Environment has 80% solute. Since $80\% > 26\%$, the environment is hypertonic (more solute than cell).
## Step 3: Determine cell's tonicity
The cell has less solute than the environment, so the cell is hypotonic (less solute, more water relative to environment).
## Step 4: Predict water movement
Water moves from high to low water concentration (or low to high solute). The cell has more water (less solute) than the environment, so water leaves the cell, causing it to shrink.
# Answer:
- Environment: hypertonic
- Cell: hypotonic
- Cell will shrink

### Question 11
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Find water concentrations
Cell has 25% solute, so water is $100\% - 25\% = 75\%$. Environment has 15% solute, so water is $100\% - 15\% = 85\%$.
## Step 2: Determine water movement direction
Water moves from high (environment, 85%) to low (cell, 75%) water concentration, so water moves into the cell.
## Step 3: Predict cell change
Water entering the cell causes it to swell.
# Answer:
- Water moves: into the cell
- Cell will: swell

### Question 12
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Compare solute concentrations
Cell has 15mg sugar, outside has 20mg sugar (assuming same volume, higher mass means higher concentration). So outside (environment) has more solute than the cell.
## Step 2: Determine cell's tonicity
Cell has less solute, so it is hypotonic (relative to outside).
## Step 3: Predict water movement (and sugar, since membrane is permeable to both)
Sugar will move into the cell (from high to low concentration), and water will move to balance. But since outside has more sugar initially, water will move out of the cell (towards higher solute) until concentrations equalize? Wait, no—if membrane is permeable to both, solute (sugar) and water move. But the question is about water movement. Wait, initial: cell has 15mg sugar, outside 20mg. So outside is hypertonic (more solute) initially. But since sugar can move, sugar will enter cell, making cell's solute increase, and water will move out initially? Wait, maybe I misread. Wait, the problem says "the cell membrane is permeable to both water and sugar". So solute (sugar) and water can move. So initially, outside has more sugar (20mg vs 15mg in cell, same volume? Assuming same volume, outside is hypertonic for sugar. So sugar moves into cell, water moves out (since outside has more solute initially). But as sugar moves in, cell's solute increases, and water will adjust. But the question is "Which way will water move?" initially? Wait, maybe the key is: at start, outside has more solute (sugar), so water moves out of cell (towards higher solute) until sugar concentrations equalize (since membrane is permeable to sugar). Wait, but maybe the problem is simpler: compare solute concentrations. Cell: 15mg sugar, outside: 20mg sugar. So outside has higher solute concentration. So water moves from cell (lower solute) to outside (higher solute) until sugar concentrations are equal (since sugar can move too). Wait, but the question is about the cell's tonicity: cell has less solute, so hypotonic. Water movement: out of the cell (towards higher solute outside) until equilibrium (since sugar can move, solute will equalize, and water will follow).
# Answer:
- Cell: hypotonic
- Water moves: out of the cell (towards the outside solution)

### Question 13
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Compare solute concentrations
Cell has 10% sugar, outside has 35% sugar. Outside has more solute, so the environment is hypertonic.
## Step 2: Determine water movement direction
Cell membrane is not permeable to sugar, so only water moves. Water moves from high (cell, 90% water: $100\% - 10\%$) to low (outside, 65% water: $100\% - 35\%$) water concentration, so water moves out of the cell.
## Step 3: Predict cell change
Water leaving the cell causes it to shrink.
# Answer:
- Environment: hypertonic
- Water moves: out of the cell
- Cell will: shrink

### Fill - in - the - blanks (1 - 9)
1. Solution with fewer solute molecules than the cell: **hypotonic** solution (hypotonic has less solute, more water than cell).
2. Solution with more solute molecules than the cell: **hypertonic** solution (hypertonic has more solute, less water than cell).
3. The cell has a higher water concentration than the solution: **hypotonic** cell (cell has more water, so less solute; solution is hypertonic relative to cell).
4. The cell has a lower water concentration than the solution: **hypertonic** cell (cell has less water, more solute; solution is hypotonic relative to cell).
5. Water enters the cell: **hypotonic** cell (water moves into cell when cell is hypotonic relative to solution, or solution is hypertonic? Wait, no—water enters when cell has lower water (higher solute) than solution? Wait, no: water moves from high water (low solute) to low water (high solute). So if water enters the cell, the cell has lower water (higher solute) than the solution. Wait, the blank is for the cell's tonicity? Wait, the question is "Water enters the cell: ______ cell". So the cell is hypotonic? No—wait, if solution is hypotonic (more water, less solute) than cell, water enters cell. So the cell, relative to the solution, is hypertonic? Wait, maybe I mixed up. Let's re - define:
   - Hypotonic solution: less solute, more water than cell → water enters cell (cell swells).
   - Hypertonic solution: more solute, less water than cell → water leaves cell (cell shrinks).
   - Isotonic: equal solute/water.

So:
   5. Water enters the cell: the cell is **hypertonic** (relative to solution, which is hypotonic) → water moves into cell (from hypotonic solution to hypertonic cell). Wait, no—tonicity is always relative. "Water enters the cell" means the solution is hypotonic (more water) than the cell, so the cell is hypertonic (less water, more solute) relative to the solution. So the blank: **hypertonic**? Wait, no, maybe the blank is for the solution's tonicity? Wait, the question is "Water enters the cell: ______ cell". So the cell's tonicity: if water enters, the cell has lower water (higher solute) than the solution, so the cell is hypertonic.

6. Water leaves the cell: the cell has higher water (lower solute) than the solution, so the cell is **hypotonic** (solution is hypertonic).

7. Water concentrations are equal: **isotonic** (solution and cell have equal water/solute).

8. When a cell is placed in this solution, it shrinks: **hypertonic** solution (more solute, less water → water leaves cell, cell shrinks).

9. When a cell is placed in this solution, it enlarges: **hypotonic** solution (more water, less solute → water enters cell, cell swells).

So re - stating the fill - in - the - blanks:
1. hypotonic
2. hypertonic
3. hypotonic (cell has more water than solution → cell is hypotonic? Wait, no—if cell has higher water concentration than solution, cell is hypotonic (more water, less solute) relative to solution. So solution is hypertonic. So "The cell has a higher water concentration than the solution: ______ cell" → the cell is **hypotonic** (relative to solution, which is hypertonic).

4. The cell has a lower water concentration than the solution: the cell is **hypertonic** (relative to solution, which is hypotonic).

5. Water enters the cell: the cell is **hypertonic** (relative to solution, which is hypotonic → water moves into cell).

6. Water leaves the cell: the cell is **hypotonic** (relative to solution, which is hypertonic → water moves out of cell).

7. Water concentrations are equal: **isotonic**

8. When a cell is placed in this solution, it shrinks: **hypertonic** solution

9. When a cell is placed in this solution, it enlarges: **hypotonic** solution

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 10

Step 1: Find cell's solute concentration

Step 2: Compare with environment's solute

Step 3: Determine cell's tonicity

Step 4: Predict water movement

Step 1: Find water concentrations

Step 2: Determine water movement direction

Step 3: Predict cell change

Step 1: Compare solute concentrations

Step 2: Determine cell's tonicity

Step 3: Predict water movement (and sugar, since membrane is permeable to both)

Answer:

Question 11