Question

multiple choice: use the following excerpt to answer the multiple choice questions. \as political leader henry clay envisioned it in the 1820s, the american system constituted the...basis for social improvement...through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements. by levying protective tariffs, the government should foster the development of american manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not be able to withstand foreign competition. the promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products.\ daniel walker howe, historian, what hath god wrought: the transformation of america, 1815 - 1848, published in 2007 1. which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt? a. the emergence of monopolies that dominated entire businesses b. innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts c. farmers creation of local, regional, and national organizations that resisted corporation power d. the significant influence of organized labor unions 2. based on the excerpt, which of the following groups would have been most likely to oppose henry clays idea of a protective tariff? a. northeast merchant b. western manufacturer c. southern cotton planter d. member of the whig party

Explanation:

1. The American System ideas in the excerpt were made possible by innovations like textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts. These innovations were part of the Industrial Revolution which provided the technological base for the envisioned economic system. Monopolies (a) came later in the 19th - 20th centuries. Farmers' organizations (c) and labor unions (d) were more about social and economic resistance rather than enabling the American System's core economic - development ideas.
2. Southern cotton planters (c) would oppose protective tariffs. Protective tariffs aimed to protect domestic manufacturing. Southerners, who had an agrarian - export - based economy (cotton was a major export), would face higher costs for imported goods (if domestic manufacturing was protected, they might have to buy more expensive domestic goods or face retaliatory tariffs on their cotton exports). Northeast merchants (a) and Western manufacturers (b) could potentially benefit from a protected domestic market. The Whig Party (d) was associated with Henry Clay and supported the American System which included protective tariffs.

Answer:

1. B. innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts
2. C. Southern cotton planter