Question

multiple choice
read each item carefully and then select the one best response.

1. what is the basic definition of shock?

a. a state of inadequate cellular perfusion
b. the loss of blood from the body
c. an inadequate supply of oxygen in the lungs
d. a state of low blood pressure

1. blood flow through the capillary beds is regulated by:

a. systolic pressure
b. the capillary sphincters
c. perfusion
d. diastolic pressure

1. the autonomic nervous system regulates functions such as:

a. running
b. digestion
c. eye movement
d. walking

1. regulation of blood flow is determined by:

a. oxygen intake
b. systolic pressure
c. cellular need
d. diastolic pressure

Explanation:

1. Shock is defined as a state where cells do not receive adequate blood flow (cellular perfusion). Option B is just blood loss (hemorrhage), C is about oxygen in lungs (not the whole body's cellular aspect), and D (low blood pressure) can be a sign but not the core definition.
2. Capillary sphincters control blood flow through capillary beds. Systolic and diastolic pressures relate to arterial blood pressure. Perfusion is the process of blood flow but not the regulator here.
3. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions like digestion. Running, eye movement (some eye movements are voluntary), and walking are often voluntary (somatic nervous system - though some aspects can have autonomic influence but digestion is a classic autonomic - controlled function).
4. Blood flow regulation is mainly based on cellular need (e.g., more active tissues get more blood). Oxygen intake is part of respiration, systolic and diastolic pressures are aspects of blood pressure but cellular need is the main determinant of where blood flows.

Answer:

1. A. A state of inadequate cellular perfusion
2. B. the capillary sphincters
3. B. digestion
4. C. cellular need