Question

multiple choice question

a nondependent form of mutualism, where both partners can survive independently outside the relationship is called ______.

cooperation
antagonism
competition
commensalism
amensalism

Explanation:

Analyze the definition of nondependent mutualism

A nondependent (facultative) form of mutualism where both organisms benefit but do not rely on each other for survival is biologically defined as cooperation (or synergism).

Evaluate the given options

• cooperation: Both benefit, non-obligatory/nondependent relationship.
• antagonism: One organism harms or inhibits another.
• competition: Organisms vie for the same limited resources.
• commensalism: One benefits, the other is unaffected.
• amensalism: One is harmed, the other is unaffected.

Answer:

• cooperation (Correct answer)
• antagonism
• competition
• commensalism
• amensalism