Question

moving with the concentration gradient means... movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. moving through a semipermeable membrane. movement of molecules that requires spending energy. movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Explanation:

• Option 1: Movement from higher to lower concentration is with the concentration gradient (passive transport).
• Option 2: Moving through a semi - permeable membrane (like in osmosis) is a specific case but not the general definition of moving with the gradient.
• Option 3: Movement requiring energy (active transport) is against the gradient.
• Option 4: Movement from lower to higher is against the gradient.

Answer:

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.