Question

1. molecule in the nucleus that contains instructions for making proteins.
2. a segment of dna that codes for a specific protein.
3. the process of making proteins from dna instructions; occurs in two steps: transcription and translation.
4. nucleic acid similar to dna but single - stranded, contains ribose sugar, and has uracil instead of thymine.
5. carries the dna instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome.
6. brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
7. structural component of the ribosome, helps assemble proteins.
8. process in the nucleus where dna is copied into a complementary mrna strand.
9. enzyme that builds mrna during transcription.
10. process at the ribosome where mrna is decoded into a chain of amino acids (protein).
11. a sequence of 3 mrna bases that codes for one amino acid.
12. building block (monomer) of proteins.
13. a chain of amino acids; folds into a functional protein.
14. process where a gene is “turned on” and used to build a protein; determines cell function and traits.
15. a change in dna sequence that may alter the protein made.
16. a mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for another.
17. a mutation caused by an insertion or deletion that shifts the reading frame of codons.
18. a mutation where one base is replaced with another.
19. a mutation where an extra base is added to the sequence.
20. a mutation where a base is removed from the sequence.

dna
rna
mrna
rrna
protein synthesis
gene expression
mutation
trna
transcription
amino acid
point mutation
insertion
translation
codon
frameshift mutation
deletion
rna polymerase
polypeptide
substitution
gene

Explanation:

1. DNA is the molecule in the nucleus with protein - making instructions.
2. A gene is a DNA segment coding for a specific protein.
3. Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins from DNA instructions via transcription and translation.
4. RNA is a nucleic acid similar to DNA but single - stranded, with ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.
5. mRNA carries DNA instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome.
6. tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
7. rRNA is a structural component of the ribosome that helps assemble proteins.
8. Transcription is the process in the nucleus where DNA is copied into a complementary mRNA strand.
9. RNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds mRNA during transcription.
10. Translation is the process at the ribosome where mRNA is decoded into a chain of amino acids (protein).
11. A codon is a sequence of 3 mRNA bases that codes for one amino acid.
12. An amino acid is the building block (monomer) of proteins.
13. A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that folds into a functional protein.
14. Gene expression is the process where a gene is "turned on" and used to build a protein, determining cell function and traits.
15. A mutation is a change in DNA sequence that may alter the protein made.
16. A point mutation is a mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for another.
17. A frameshift mutation is a mutation caused by an insertion or deletion that shifts the reading frame of codons.
18. A substitution is a mutation where one base is replaced with another.
19. An insertion is a mutation where an extra base is added to the sequence.
20. A deletion is a mutation where a base is removed from the sequence.

Answer:

1. DNA
2. Gene
3. Protein Synthesis
4. RNA
5. mRNA
6. tRNA
7. rRNA
8. Transcription
9. RNA Polymerase
10. Translation
11. Codon
12. Amino Acid
13. Polypeptide
14. Gene Expression
15. Mutation
16. Point Mutation
17. Frameshift Mutation
18. Substitution
19. Insertion
20. Deletion