Question

meiosis worksheet identifying processes
on the lines provided, order the different stages of meiosis i through meiosis ii,
including interphase in the proper sequence.

1. homologous chromosome line up in the center of the cell
2. spindle fibers pull homologous pairs to ends of the cell
3. 4 haploid (n) daughter cells form
4. cells undergo a round of dna replication
5. sister chromatids separate from each other
6. 2 haploid (n) daughter cells form

short answer questions:
1- how many cells do you end up with at the end of meiosis ii?
2- are the daughter cells (the produced) genetically identical to the parent cell?
explain.
3- comparing and contrasting: describe a similarity and a difference between
meiosis i and meiosis ii.
4- applying concepts: if a diploid cell containing 28 chromosomes undergoes meiosis,
how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
5- compare and contrast: how are mitosis and meiosis similar and different?
read each statement, and then on the line write down the phase of mitosis or meiosis that
the action occurs. if the action occurs in both, write both. the first one is done for you.
a- homologous chromosome line up in the center of the cell meiosis i, metaphase i
b- the individual chromosomes move apart.
c-spindle fibers pull homologous pairs to ends of the cell
d- 4 haploid (n) daughter cells form
e- cells undergo a round of dna replication

Explanation:

1. Meiosis II End - Cell Count:

• Meiosis is a two - stage process. Meiosis I starts with one diploid cell and results in two haploid cells. Meiosis II then takes each of those two haploid cells and further divides them. So, \(2\times2 = 4\) cells are formed at the end of Meiosis II.

1. Genetic Identity of Daughter Cells:

• During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (cross - over). Also, the random assortment of homologous chromosomes occurs. In Meiosis II, sister chromatids separate. These processes (cross - over and independent assortment) lead to genetic variation. So, the daughter cells are not genetically identical to the parent cell because of genetic recombination (cross - over) and independent assortment of chromosomes during Meiosis I.

1. Similarity and Difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II:

• Similarity: Both Meiosis I and Meiosis II involve the separation of genetic material. In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, and in Meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated. Also, both have stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (although the nature of the chromosomes being separated is different).
• Difference: Meiosis I reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid (because homologous chromosomes are separated), while Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that it does not further reduce the chromosome number (sister chromatids of haploid cells are separated).

1. Chromosome Number in Daughter Cells after Meiosis:

• Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. If a diploid cell has \(2n = 28\) chromosomes (\(n\) is the haploid number), after meiosis (which consists of Meiosis I and Meiosis II), each daughter cell will have \(n=14\) chromosomes.

1. Similarity and Difference between Mitosis and Meiosis:

• Similarity: Both mitosis and meiosis involve the replication of DNA before the division process. They also have similar stages such as prophase (where chromatin condenses), metaphase (where chromosomes line up), anaphase (where genetic material is separated), and telophase (where new nuclei form).
• Difference: Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell (due to cross - over and independent assortment in Meiosis I).

1. Phase Identification:

• a. Homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell: This occurs in Meiosis I, Metaphase I.
• b. The individual chromosomes move apart: In Mitosis, Anaphase (sister chromatids separate) and in Meiosis II, Anaphase II (sister chromatids of haploid cells separate).
• c. Spindle fibers pull homologous pairs to ends of the cell: This is Meiosis I, Anaphase I.
• d. 4 haploid (N) daughter cells form: This is the end result of Meiosis II (after Meiosis I gives 2 haploid cells and Meiosis II further divides them).
• e. Cells undergo a round of DNA replication: This occurs in the interphase before both mitosis and meiosis.

Answer:

1. \(4\) cells.
2. No. Because of cross - over (genetic recombination) and independent assortment of chromosomes during Meiosis I.
3. Similarity: Both have prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - like stages and involve separation of genetic material. Difference: Meiosis I reduces chromosome number (diploid to haploid), Meiosis II does not (similar to mitosis for haploid cells).
4. \(14\) chromosomes.
5. Similarity: DNA replication before division, similar stage names. Difference: Mitosis gives 2 diploid identical cells; Meiosis gives 4 haploid different cells.

6.

• a. Meiosis I, Metaphase I
• b. Mitosis, Anaphase; Meiosis II, Anaphase II
• c. Meiosis I, Anaphase I
• d. Meiosis II
• e. Interphase (before mitosis and meiosis)