Question

match the following descriptions to the type of mutation.

description	mutation type
the addition of a nucleotide to the dna sequence	select choice
the dna is abnormally copied at least one time, creating too many amino acids in a row	select choice
the dna code is altered so that it codes for the wrong amino acid	select choice
the loss of a nucleotide to the dna sequence	select choice

Explanation:

1. For "The substitution that changes the codon for an amino acid to a stop codon": This is a nonsense mutation. A nonsense mutation is a type of substitution mutation where a codon for an amino acid is changed to a stop codon, prematurely terminating protein synthesis.
2. For "The addition of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence": This is an insertion mutation. Insertion mutations involve the addition of one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence, which can shift the reading frame (if not a multiple of 3) or add extra codons.
3. For "The DNA is abnormally copied at least one time, creating too many amino acids in a row": This is a duplication mutation. Duplication mutations result in the repeated copying of a segment of DNA, leading to extra copies of the corresponding amino acid sequence in the protein.
4. For "The DNA code is altered so that it codes for the wrong amino acid": This is a missense mutation. A missense mutation is a substitution mutation where the change in the DNA sequence results in a different amino acid being coded for, as the codon now corresponds to a different amino acid.
5. For "The loss of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence": This is a deletion mutation. Deletion mutations involve the removal of one or more nucleotides from the DNA sequence, which can also shift the reading frame (if not a multiple of 3) or remove codons.

Answer:

1. The substitution that changes the codon for an amino acid to a stop codon: Nonsense Mutation
2. The addition of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence: Insertion Mutation
3. The DNA is abnormally copied at least one time, creating too many amino acids in a row: Duplication Mutation
4. The DNA code is altered so that it codes for the wrong amino acid: Missense Mutation
5. The loss of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence: Deletion Mutation