Question

match each organelle to its correct function. write the letter next to
a. controls cell activities
b. produces energy (atp)
c. modifies, packages, and ships proteins
d. builds proteins
e. breaks down waste
f. stores water, nutrients, or waste
g. site of photosynthesis
h. provides support & protection; outside membrane
i. controls what enters/leaves the cell
j. transports materials around the cell
k. gel - like fluid that holds organelles

1. ___ nucleus
2. ___ ribosomes
3. ___ cell membrane
4. ___ cytoplasm
5. ___ vacuole
6. ___ mitochondria
7. ___ chloroplast (plant)
8. ___ cell wall (plant)
9. ___ lysosome
10. ___ golgi apparatus
11. ___ endoplasmic reticulum (er)

Explanation:

• Nucleus: It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates all cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. So it matches with "Controls cell activities".
• Ribosomes: They are the sites of protein synthesis. Amino - acids are assembled into polypeptide chains (proteins) based on the mRNA sequence. So it matches with "Builds proteins".
• Cell Membrane: Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, it is semi - permeable. It allows certain substances (like oxygen, water, and nutrients) to enter the cell and waste products to leave. So it matches with "Controls what enters/leaves the cell".
• Cytoplasm: It is a gel - like substance within the cell membrane. All the organelles (such as mitochondria, ribosomes) are suspended in it. So it matches with "Gel - like fluid that holds organelles".
• Vacuole: In plant cells, it can be large and store water (maintaining turgor pressure), nutrients (like sugars, amino acids), and waste products. In animal cells, vacuoles are smaller and may also be involved in storage. So it matches with "Stores water, nutrients, or waste".
• Mitochondria: Known as the "powerhouse of the cell", it is the site of cellular respiration. Through a series of biochemical reactions (like the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation), it produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell. So it matches with "Produces energy (ATP)".
• Chloroplast (plant): Contains chlorophyll (a green pigment). It captures light energy and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. So it matches with "Site of photosynthesis".
• Cell Wall (plant): Made of cellulose (in plants), it provides structural support to the plant cell, maintaining its shape, and also offers protection against mechanical stress and pathogens. It is located outside the cell membrane. So it matches with "Provides support & protection; outside membrane".
• Lysosome: Contains digestive enzymes. It breaks down waste materials (such as old organelles, food particles that are engulfed by the cell through phagocytosis). So it matches with "Breaks down waste".
• Golgi Apparatus: Receives proteins (and lipids) from the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies them (by adding sugar groups, for example), packages them into vesicles, and then ships them to their destination (either within the cell or outside the cell). So it matches with "Modifies, packages, and ships proteins".
• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The rough ER (with ribosomes attached) is involved in protein synthesis and transport. The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification (in liver cells), and calcium storage. Overall, it transports materials around the cell. So it matches with "Transports materials around the cell".

Answer:

1. A. Controls cell activities
2. D. Builds proteins
3. I. Controls what enters/leaves the cell
4. K. Gel - like fluid that holds organelles
5. F. Stores water, nutrients, or waste
6. B. Produces energy (ATP)
7. G. Site of photosynthesis
8. H. Provides support & protection; outside membrane
9. E. Breaks down waste
10. C. Modifies, packages, and ships proteins
11. J. Transports materials around the cell