Question

how do sponges within phylum porifera obtain their nutrients? by filtering water and trapping food particles by actively capturing prey by using photosynthesis to produce their own food

Explanation:

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are sessile (stationary) organisms. They lack the ability to actively move to capture prey (so the option “By actively capturing prey” is incorrect). They also do not have chloroplasts or the necessary structures for photosynthesis (so the option “By using photosynthesis to produce their own food” is incorrect). Instead, they have a system of pores and canals. Water flows through these pores (ostia), and as it does, they filter out small food particles (like bacteria, plankton) from the water using specialized cells (choanocytes). The trapped food particles are then digested.

Answer:

By filtering water and trapping food particles