Question

how did nationalism develop after the french revolution?
france developed an identity in opposition to the countries it was fighting.
enlightenment ideas called for the formation of a nation - state.
napoleon demanded that french representatives swear an oath of allegiance to the state.
french culture experienced a renaissance after the revolution.

Explanation:

After the French Revolution, France was at war with many European powers. This opposition led to the strengthening of a French national identity. Enlightenment ideas about nation - states were more of a pre - revolutionary influence. Napoleon's oath was more about loyalty to his regime. And while there were cultural changes, the key factor in the development of nationalism was the opposition to foreign enemies.

Answer:

France developed an identity in opposition to the countries it was fighting.