Question

1. how do homologous chromosomes differ from chromatids?

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) that have the same length, centromere position, and gene loci. Chromatids are the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. Homologous chromosomes can have different alleles of the same gene, while chromatids (sister chromatids) are identical copies (assuming no mutation during replication).

Answer:

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes (one from each parent) with same gene loci but may have different alleles. Chromatids (sister chromatids) are identical copies of a replicated chromosome.