Question

homology is also seen in early development

• pharyngeal pouches
• post anal tail
• all vertebrates shared a common ancestor

vestigial structure

• inherited from an ancestor and no longer serves a clear function in the organ possesses it
• for example

○ a snake embryo has limb buds and pelvic girdle
○ eye sockets in cave salamanders
○ your appendix - vestigial cecum
○ leg bones in whales
value: 30
match the items.
a. tails of fish and dolphins
b. the wings of bats and butterflies
c. coccyx or tail bones of humans

1. analogous structures
2. homologous structures
3. vestigial sturcture

Explanation:

• Analogous Structures: These are structures that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. The tails of fish and dolphins (\(a\)) and the wings of bats and butterflies (\(b\)) are examples. Fish and dolphins (mammal) have different evolutionary lines, but their tails help in swimming. Bats (mammal) and butterflies (insect) have different ancestors, but their wings help in flight.
• Vestigial Structure: A structure inherited from an ancestor but with reduced or no function. The coccyx or tail - bones of humans (\(c\)) are remnants of a tail that human ancestors had. In early human embryos, a tail is visible, but in adults, it is reduced to the coccyx with no significant locomotive function like a tail in other animals.

Answer:

1. Analogous Structures: \(a\), \(b\)
2. Homologous Structures: (No match in the given items as per the provided content. If we assume a wrong - match situation, but based on strict content, there is no homologous structure example in \(a\), \(b\), \(c\) as per the definitions. Homologous structures have similar evolutionary origin but may have different functions now, e.g., forelimbs of humans and bats (if bat forelimb was an option)).
3. Vestigial Structure: \(c\)