Question

homeostatic imbalance 8.8

inflammation of the middle ear, otitis media (o-titis mede-ah), is a fairly common result of a sore throat, especially in children, whose (1)
tubes run more horizontally in otitis media, the eardrum bulges and often becomes inflamed when large amounts of fluid or pus accumulate in the
cavity, an emergency myringotomy (lancing of the eardrum) may be required to relieve the pressure. a tiny tube is implanted in the (2)
that
allows pus to drain into the external ear canal. the tube usually falls out by itself within the year.

the more horizontal course of the pharyngotympanic tube in infants also explains why it is never a good idea to \prop\ a bottle or (3)
them
when they are lying flat (a condition that favors the entry of the food into that tube).

the tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body, the ossicles (ossi-kulz), which transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to
the fluids of the inner ear (see figure 8 11). these bones, named for their shape, are the (4)
), or malleus (male-us); the anvil, or incus
(inkus); and the stirrup, or stapes (stapez). like dominoes falling, when the eardrum moves, it moves the hammer and transfers the vibration to the
anvil. the anvil, in turn, passes the vibration on to the stirrup, which presses on the oval window of the inner ear. the movement at the oval window sets
the fluids of the inner ear into (5)
), eventually exciting the hearing receptors.

o 1 eardrum 2 feed 3 hammer 4 motion 5 pharyngotympanic

o 1 motion 2 pharyngolympanic 3 eardrum 4 feed 5 hammer

o 1 hammer 2 motion 3 pharyngotympanic 4 eardrum 5 feed

o 1 pharyngotympanic 2 eardrum 3 feed 4 hammer 5 motion

o 1 feed 2 hammer 3 motion 4 pharyngotympanic 5 eardrum

Explanation:

• For (1): The text mentions "whose (1) tubes run more horizontally". The pharyngotympanic tube (also known as the Eustachian tube) is relevant here. In children, its more horizontal course is a factor in otitis media. So (1) is pharyngotympanic.
• For (2): "A tiny tube is implanted in the (2) that allows pus to drain into the external ear canal". The eardrum (tympanic membrane) is where the tube is implanted in myringotomy. So (2) is eardrum.
• For (3): "it is never a good idea to 'prop' a bottle or (3) them when they are lying flat". Feeding a baby (especially with a bottle) when lying flat can lead to fluid (like milk) entering the pharyngotympanic tube. So (3) is feed.
• For (4): "the ossicles... named for their shape, are the (4), or malleus". The hammer (malleus) is one of the ossicles. So (4) is hammer.
• For (5): "The movement at the oval window sets the fluids of the inner ear into (5)". Movement of fluids in the inner ear is referred to as motion. So (5) is motion.

Answer:

1 pharyngotympanic 2 eardrum 3 feed 4 hammer 5 motion (corresponding to the fourth option: 1 pharyngotympanic 2 eardrum 3 feed 4 hammer 5 motion)