fall final exam version 1
1. english settlers established colonies in new england primarily for which reason?
a. to convert native people
b. to mine for precious metals
c. to establish farming communities
d. to escape religious persecution
2. the jamestown colony grew successful as a result of ______ as a cash crop.
a. cotton
b. tobacco
c. wheat
d. indigo
3. which of the following prohibited european settlement west of the appalachian mountains?
a. george grenville
b. pontiac
c. proclamation of 1763
d. french and indian war
4. how did the invention of the cotton gin affect the south?
a. it strengthened the institution of slavery
b. it damaged the southern economy
c. it increased most plantation owners’ debt
d. it decreased the value of many plantations
5. the government set forth in the constitution is a federal system because it…
a. divides the federal government into three branches
b. prevents any of the three branches of government from becoming too powerful
c. gives the national government greater power than the state governments
d. divides power between national and state governments
6. according to the enlightenment philosopher john locke, if a government doesn’t protect people’s “natural rights,” the people…
a. must realize that a government is entitled to absolute power
b. should follow the counsel of the church
c. have the right to rebel or abolish the government
d. must be patient and pray for guidance
7. which of the following officially ended the revolutionary war and set the boundaries of the new nation?
a. new jersey plan
b. treaty of paris 1783
c. olive branch petition
d. british surrender at yorktown
8. the antifederalists demanded a bill of rights because they…
a. thought the constitution needed to be replaced
b. believed that individuals had too much freedom
c. wanted women to have the right to vote
d. feared that too much power was being given to the new national government
9. during the constitutional convention, the debate between slave states and free states about fair representation in government was resolved ultimately by…
a. the virginia plan
b. the new jersey plan
c. the three fifths compromise
d. the great compromise
10. the delegates of the constitutional convention established a system of checks and balances to…
a. limit the authority of the national government
b. ensure a way of changing the constitution
c. prevent any one branch of government from dominating the other two
d. to make sure that power was balanced between the federal government and the states

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
English settlers in New England, like the Pilgrims and Puritans, were often fleeing religious persecution in England. Mining (B) was not a primary reason for New England colonies, farming communities (C) were more of a result of settlement rather than the primary reason, and converting natives (A) was not the main driver. So the primary reason was to escape religious persecution.
# Answer:
D. To escape religious persecution

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Jamestown's success came from tobacco as a cash crop. Cotton (A) became prominent later, wheat (C) was not the cash crop that saved Jamestown, and indigo (D) was more associated with other Southern colonies later. Tobacco was the key cash crop for Jamestown.
# Answer:
B. Tobacco

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited European settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid conflicts with Native Americans. George Grenville (A) was a British minister, Pontiac (B) was a Native American leader, and the French and Indian War (D) led to the proclamation, but the proclamation itself was the policy.
# Answer:
C. Proclamation of 1763

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The cotton gin made processing cotton easier, increasing the demand for cotton and thus strengthening slavery as more labor was needed for cotton plantations. It boosted the Southern economy (so B is wrong), didn't increase debt (C) or decrease plantation value (D). So it strengthened slavery.
# Answer:
A. It strengthened the institution of slavery

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
A federal system divides power between national and state governments. Dividing federal government into branches (A) is separation of powers, preventing branches from being too powerful (B) is checks and balances, and giving national government greater power (C) is not what federalism is (federalism is shared power). So the answer is dividing power between national and state governments.
# Answer:
D. divides power between national and state governments

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
John Locke believed in natural rights and that if a government fails to protect them, the people have the right to rebel or abolish it. Option A is against Locke's ideas, B (church counsel) is not his view, D (pray for guidance) is not related. So the right to rebel is the correct idea.
# Answer:
C. have the right to rebel or abolish the government

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
The Treaty of Paris 1783 officially ended the Revolutionary War and set the boundaries of the new United States. The New Jersey Plan (A) was a constitutional proposal, Olive Branch Petition (C) was a pre - war attempt at reconciliation, and the British surrender at Yorktown (D) was a military victory that led to the treaty, but the treaty ended the war officially.
# Answer:
B. Treaty of Paris 1783

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
Antifederalists feared the new national government would have too much power and wanted a bill of rights to protect individual liberties. They didn't want to replace the Constitution (A), they were worried about government power not individual freedom excess (B), and women's voting rights (C) were not a concern at this time. So they feared too much power in the new national government.
# Answer:
D. feared that too much power was being given to the new national government

### Question 9
# Brief Explanations:
The debate between slave and free states about representation was resolved by the Three - Fifths Compromise, which counted three - fifths of slaves for representation. The Virginia Plan (A) and New Jersey Plan (B) were about large vs. small state representation, and the Great Compromise (D) was about state representation in Congress (house and senate), not slave - related representation.
# Answer:
C. the Three Fifths Compromise

### Question 10
# Brief Explanations:
Checks and balances is a system to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the other two. Limiting national government authority (A) is not the main purpose of checks and balances (it's about branches, not levels of government), changing the Constitution (B) is amendment process, and balancing federal and state (D) is federalism, not checks and balances. So it's to prevent one branch from dominating.
# Answer:
C. prevent any one branch of government from dominating the other two

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