Question

escape to freedom
narrative writing by laura phillips
1 on may 13, 1862, just outside charleston harbor, south carolina, the union naval commander of the uss ottawa was about to give the order to fire on an armed confederate gunboat heading his way. then he noticed a white flag of surrender on the gunboat’s mast! the pilot of the boat was an enslaved african american named robert smalls, who was attempting to escape by stealing the confederate ship!
2 smalls was born into slavery on april 5, 1839, in beaufort, south carolina. by the time he was 12 years old, his master began to take him out to the harbor in charleston. smalls eventually worked at the docks, learning how to make sails and pilot ships. he also learned how to read nautical maps. over time, he became an excellent sailor and navigator. he could steer any ship through narrow waterways without running into rocks.
3 in 1861, smalls was working on a 150 - foot steamboat called the planter. the powerful steamboat had been turned into a confederate army ferry and mostly gunboat. it was the fastest vessel in the harbor and, as such, was the most important ship in the local southern fleet.
4 since april 1861, the southern army had used fort sumter, a large defensive island fort at the mouth of charleston harbor. guarding the harbor were a blockade of northern ships. smalls and his wife, hannah, dreamed of escaping from slavery and reuniting with her children in freedom. smalls reasoned that he and his family might be free if they could make it to the blockade.
5 in the early morning hours of may 13, the planter’s three white officers left the ship to spend the night ashore. sensing the opportunity, smalls and the majority of the other enslaved crewmembers set an escape plan in motion. they decided to steal the ship, but they agreed that if anything went wrong, they would blow it up to avoid capture.
6 the crew fired up the boat’s boilers and set off. smalls first picked up his family and the families of the other crewmembers from a nearby island. with more men, two women, and three children aboard, the planter headed toward the mouth of the harbor!
part a
what is the overall structure of “escape to freedom”?
a cause and effect
b problem - solution
c chronological order
d compare and contrast
part b
which transitional words help to signify the overall structure correctly identified in part a?
a because, since, as, therefore, consequently, as a result

Explanation:

To determine the overall structure of "Escape to Freedom", we analyze the text's organization. The passage uses time - related words like "On May 13, 1862", "was born into slavery on April 5, 1802", "In 1861", "Since April 1861", "In the early morning hours of May 13" to tell the story of Robert Smalls in the order of when events happened. This is characteristic of a chronological order structure.

For Part B, the transitional words in option A like "because", "since", "as", "therefore", "consequently", "as a result" are used to show cause - effect relationships, which is not relevant to a chronological structure. The other options (not fully shown but based on the context of chronological order) would have words that show sequence in time, but since we are focusing on Part A first, we conclude the overall structure is chronological order.

Answer:

Part A: C. chronological order
Part B: (Assuming the correct option for Part B related to chronological order would have transitional words indicating time sequence, but based on the given Part A answer, the Part A answer is C. chronological order)