1. ecology shows ______ between ______ in an ecosystem.
2. name at least 3 biotic and 3 abiotic factors in the ecosystem to the right (ignore the numbers on the diagram).
a. biotic
b. abiotic
3. in the carbon cycle, list at least 3 ways co₂ gets into of the atmosphere.
a. how does co₂ get out of the atmosphere?
4. draw a food chain below (showing transfer of energy): indicate the sun, one producer and at least 3 consumers.
5. explain the nitrogen cycle.
6. why is nitrogen important (*hint: what do we need it for)?
7. why are bacteria important to us? in which cycle(s) do we rely on them?
8. what are invasive species and why are they disruptive to an ecosystem?
9. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called ______.
10. a symbiotic relationship where both organism benefit is called ______
11. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called ______
12. according to the ecological pyramid to the right, there are many more ______ than there are primary consumers.
13. organisms that eat the secondary and tertiary are ______

Question

1. ecology shows ______ between ______ in an ecosystem.
2. name at least 3 biotic and 3 abiotic factors in the ecosystem to the right (ignore the numbers on the diagram).
   a. biotic
   b. abiotic
3. in the carbon cycle, list at least 3 ways co₂ gets into of the atmosphere.
   a. how does co₂ get out of the atmosphere?
4. draw a food chain below (showing transfer of energy): indicate the sun, one producer and at least 3 consumers.
5. explain the nitrogen cycle.
6. why is nitrogen important (*hint: what do we need it for)?
7. why are bacteria important to us? in which cycle(s) do we rely on them?
8. what are invasive species and why are they disruptive to an ecosystem?
9. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called ______.
10. a symbiotic relationship where both organism benefit is called ______
11. a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called ______
12. according to the ecological pyramid to the right, there are many more ______ than there are primary consumers.
13. organisms that eat the secondary and tertiary are ______

Accepted Answer

### Question 9
# Answer:
Parasitism
# Brief Explanations:
In symbiotic relationships, parasitism is defined as the interaction where one organism (parasite) gains benefits (like nutrients) and the other organism (host) is harmed (e.g., weakened, diseased) due to the parasite's actions. This matches the description in the question.

### Question 10
# Answer:
Mutualism
# Brief Explanations:
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both participating organisms derive benefits. For example, bees get nectar from flowers (benefit) and flowers get pollinated (benefit) in return. This fits the "both benefit" criterion in the question.

### Question 11
# Answer:
Commensalism
# Brief Explanations:
Commensalism is the symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits (e.g., uses another for shelter or transportation) and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed. This aligns with the question's description of one benefiting and the other not harmed.

### Question 12
# Answer:
Producers
# Brief Explanations:
In an ecological pyramid, producers (like plants, algae) form the base. Energy flow and biomass decrease as we move up trophic levels. So, there are far more producers (at the lowest level) than primary consumers (which eat producers, at the next level up). The pyramid's structure (with producers at the bottom) supports this, as primary consumers rely on producers, and there are more producers to sustain the consumer levels.

### Question 13
# Answer:
Quaternary Consumers (or Top Predators, though the term here follows trophic levels)
# Brief Explanations:
Trophic levels in a food pyramid: Producers → Primary Consumers (eat producers) → Secondary Consumers (eat primary) → Tertiary Consumers (eat secondary) → Quaternary Consumers (eat tertiary, and sometimes secondary). Organisms that eat secondary and tertiary consumers would be at a higher trophic level, typically quaternary consumers (or top carnivores/predators) as they feed on these consumer levels.

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