Question

directions
use the dna nitrogen bases below to determine the correct mrna and trna sequence and the correct amino acids.
dna ctg - atg - tgg - gca - cag - gtg - aac - gtt
mrna
amino acid
dna tag - atg - agg - cgc - ttg - tac - tgc - att
mrna
amino acid
dna cgt - gtt - acc - tgt - agc - tgc - aag - tgc
mrna
amino acid

Explanation:

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

In transcription, DNA bases pair with mRNA bases as follows: A (adenine) pairs with U (uracil), T (thymine) pairs with A (adenine), C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine), and G (guanine) pairs with C (cytosine).
For the first DNA sequence \(CTG - ATG - TGG - GCA - CAG - GTG - AAC - GTT\):

• \(CTG\) becomes \(GAC\)
• \(ATG\) becomes \(UAC\)
• \(TGG\) becomes \(ACC\)
• \(GCA\) becomes \(CGU\)
• \(CAG\) becomes \(GUC\)
• \(GTG\) becomes \(CAC\)
• \(AAC\) becomes \(UUG\)
• \(GTT\) becomes \(CAA\)

So the mRNA is \(GAC - UAC - ACC - CGU - GUC - CAC - UUG - CAA\)

For the second DNA sequence \(TAG - ATG - AGG - CGC - TTG - TAC - TGC - ATT\):

• \(TAG\) becomes \(AUC\)
• \(ATG\) becomes \(UAC\)
• \(AGG\) becomes \(UCC\)
• \(CGC\) becomes \(GCG\)
• \(TTG\) becomes \(AAC\)
• \(TAC\) becomes \(AUG\)
• \(TGC\) becomes \(ACG\)
• \(ATT\) becomes \(UAA\)

So the mRNA is \(AUC - UAC - UCC - GCG - AAC - AUG - ACG - UAA\)

For the third DNA sequence \(CGT - GTT - ACC - TGT - AGC - TGC - AAG - TGC\):

• \(CGT\) becomes \(GCA\)
• \(GTT\) becomes \(CAA\)
• \(ACC\) becomes \(UGG\)
• \(TGT\) becomes \(ACA\)
• \(AGC\) becomes \(UCG\)
• \(TGC\) becomes \(ACG\)
• \(AAG\) becomes \(UUC\)
• \(TGC\) becomes \(ACG\)

So the mRNA is \(GCA - CAA - UGG - ACA - UCG - ACG - UUC - ACG\)

Step2: Translate mRNA to Amino Acids

Using the genetic code (where each 3 - base codon in mRNA codes for an amino acid):
For the first mRNA \(GAC - UAC - ACC - CGU - GUC - CAC - UUG - CAA\):

• \(GAC\) codes for Aspartic Acid
• \(UAC\) codes for Tyrosine
• \(ACC\) codes for Threonine
• \(CGU\) codes for Arginine
• \(GUC\) codes for Valine
• \(CAC\) codes for Histidine
• \(UUG\) codes for Leucine
• \(CAA\) codes for Glutamine

For the second mRNA \(AUC - UAC - UCC - GCG - AAC - AUG - ACG - UAA\):

• \(AUC\) codes for Isoleucine
• \(UAC\) codes for Tyrosine
• \(UCC\) codes for Serine
• \(GCG\) codes for Alanine
• \(AAC\) codes for Asparagine
• \(AUG\) codes for Methionine
• \(ACG\) codes for Threonine
• \(UAA\) is a stop codon (no amino acid)

For the third mRNA \(GCA - CAA - UGG - ACA - UCG - ACG - UUC - ACG\):

• \(GCA\) codes for Alanine
• \(CAA\) codes for Glutamine
• \(UGG\) codes for Tryptophan
• \(ACA\) codes for Threonine
• \(UCG\) codes for Serine
• \(ACG\) codes for Threonine
• \(UUC\) codes for Phenylalanine
• \(ACG\) codes for Threonine

Answer:

First row mRNA: \(GAC - UAC - ACC - CGU - GUC - CAC - UUG - CAA\), Amino Acids: Aspartic Acid - Tyrosine - Threonine - Arginine - Valine - Histidine - Leucine - Glutamine
Second row mRNA: \(AUC - UAC - UCC - GCG - AAC - AUG - ACG - UAA\), Amino Acids: Isoleucine - Tyrosine - Serine - Alanine - Asparagine - Methionine - Threonine - (Stop)
Third row mRNA: \(GCA - CAA - UGG - ACA - UCG - ACG - UUC - ACG\), Amino Acids: Alanine - Glutamine - Tryptophan - Threonine - Serine - Threonine - Phenylalanine - Threonine