Question

directions: scientists can observe tree rings for patterns that provide information about its growth, as well as limiting factors. analyze the tree cookies below, then match them to the limiting factor most likely responsible for the pattern observed.

1. this tree had adequate precipitation in its early years, but experienced prolonged drought in the years after.
2. this tree was damaged by an insect infestation. boring insects create tunnels in the tissues of the tree.
3. this tree experienced heavy winds from one direction for much of its development. this caused the tree to grow slanted.
4. this tree had to compete with many other saplings in its early development, but established itself as a mature tree as it grew older.
5. a wildfire caused damage and scarring to this tree.

Explanation:

• 1. Tree ring width and precipitation: Trees grow faster (wider rings) when there is adequate precipitation. A prolonged drought would slow down growth (narrower rings). Looking at the tree - ring patterns, tree E has wider rings in the early part (indicating good early - year precipitation) and narrower rings later (indicating drought).
• 2. Insect infestation: Insects that bore into trees create visible damage. Tree A has dark, irregular patterns that could represent insect - made tunnels.
• 3. Wind - induced slanting: Wind from one direction can cause a tree to grow in a slanted way. This is often reflected in the shape of the tree rings. Tree B has an irregular, slanted - looking ring pattern.
• 4. Competition and growth: When a tree competes with others (narrower rings in early years due to limited resources) and then grows better as it matures (wider rings later). Tree D has narrower rings in the inner (early - growth) part and wider rings towards the outer (later - growth) part.
• 5. Wildfire damage: Wildfires can cause scarring. Tree C has a relatively “clean” ring pattern compared to the others, but if we assume that the lack of major disturbances except for a possible fire - related scar (not as complex as insect damage), it can be a candidate. Another way is that wildfire damage might create a distinct mark. If we consider the overall pattern, tree C has a simple, but if we assume that the other trees have more “biotic” (insect, competition) or “abiotic - directional” (wind) patterns, tree C can be associated with wildfire (assuming no other complex patterns from biotic factors).

Answer:

1. E
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C