Question

the difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount needed to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime, when the amount attained is less than the amount needed, is known as
sleep deprivation.
short sleep.
sleep debt.
long sleep.

what is the accumulation of debris formed by white blood cells and the release of collagen by smooth muscle cells?
lipoprotein
fatty streak
plaque
lesion

a blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel, where it becomes lodged in an artery and blocks the brain, is called a(n)
ventricular fibrillation.
aneurysm.
embolism.
ischemic stroke.

Explanation:

First Question (Sleep - related)

The question is about a sleep - related concept. Sleep debt is defined as the difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount needed for alert wakefulness during the day when the attained amount is less than the needed amount. Sleep deprivation is a more general lack of sleep, short sleep is just having less sleep without the debt - related difference concept, and long sleep is the opposite of short sleep.

Plaque in blood vessels is formed by the accumulation of debris from white blood cells and the release of collagen by smooth muscle cells. Lipoprotein is a type of protein - lipid complex, a fatty streak is an early stage of plaque formation with more lipid - rich content, and a lesion is a more general term for damage or abnormal change.

An embolism is a blood clot (or other material) that forms at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel, lodging in an artery (like in the brain). Ventricular fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder, an aneurysm is a weakening and bulging of a blood vessel wall, and an ischemic stroke is the result of the blockage (caused by the embolism in this case).

Answer:

sleep debt.

Second Question (Debris Accumulation in Blood Vessels)