Question

describe the function of each organelle. nucleus endoplasmic reticulum done ribosome golgi apparatus done done

Explanation:

• Nucleus: It is the control center of the cell. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) which directs all cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
• Ribosome: These are the sites of protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains (proteins) based on the genetic code.
• Endoplasmic reticulum: There are two types - rough (with ribosomes) and smooth. The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis (as ribosomes on its surface make proteins that can be modified and transported), and the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification (in liver cells), and calcium storage (in muscle cells).
• Golgi apparatus: It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids. Proteins from the ER are further processed (e.g., addition of sugar groups - glycosylation), and then packaged into vesicles for transport to their final destinations (like secretion outside the cell or to other organelles).

Answer:

• Nucleus: Control center, contains DNA, directs cell activities.
• Ribosome: Site of protein synthesis.
• Endoplasmic reticulum: Protein (rough ER) and lipid (smooth ER) synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage.
• Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.