Question

dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis practice
a. match the correct prefix or suffix of definition to its meaning/word below.
dehydrate- hydro- synthesis
monomer polymer lysis

1. to split or break apart; release
2. to make something
3. many monomers hooked together make a
4. means to lose or remove water; to take water away dehydrate
5. means water (as in gaining water) hydro
6. building block or single unit of a polymer

b. examine each example. indicate if each of the following is an example of dehydrationsynthesis or hydrolysis.
reaction #1: hydrolysis
reaction #2: dehydration synthesis

Explanation:

• A. Matching Prefixes/Suffixes:
• 1. Lysis: The term "lysis" means to split or break apart. For example, in cell lysis, the cell membrane is broken to release the cell contents.
• 2. Synthesis: "Synthesis" means to make something. In biology, protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins from amino acids.
• 3. Polymer: A polymer is made up of many monomers (building blocks). For instance, starch is a polymer made of glucose monomers.
• 4. Dehydrate: As the name suggests, it means to lose or remove water. When you dehydrate fruits, you remove water from them.
• 5. Hydro -: This prefix means water. Hydrolysis is a reaction involving water.
• 6. Monomer: A monomer is a single unit or building block. Amino acids are monomers of proteins.
• B. Reaction Identification:
• Reaction #1: In this reaction, two molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the release of water. This is characteristic of dehydration synthesis. For example, when amino acids combine to form a dipeptide, water is released.
• Reaction #2: Here, a larger molecule is broken down into smaller molecules with the addition of water (as indicated by the presence of \(H_2O\) and the enzyme lactase which facilitates hydrolysis). Hydrolysis reactions break bonds using water. For example, lactose (a disaccharide) is hydrolyzed into glucose and galactose.

Answer:

• A. Matching:

1. Lysis
2. Synthesis
3. Polymer
4. Dehydrate
5. Hydro -
6. Monomer

• B. Reaction Identification:
• Reaction #1: Dehydration Synthesis
• Reaction #2: Hydrolysis