Question

daffodil and tulip bulbs are planted in the fall. in the spring, these flowers grow from the bulbs. this is example of
a. budding.
b. binary fission.
c. spore formation.
d. vegetative propagation.

1. how are potato tubers and strawberry runners similar?

a. they are not clones of the parent plant.
b. they are like stems that produce new plants.
c. they are used by plants to reproduce sexually.
d. they are like leaves that develop the roots of the new plant.

1. which of the following techniques takes a section of the root and joins it to another plant?

a. cutting
b. grafting
c. splitting
d. air layering

1. the cell cycle consists of which of the following?

a. i and ii only
b. i and iii only
c. ii and iii only
d. i, ii, and iii

1. during which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

a. telophase
b. anaphase
c. prophase
d. metaphase

Explanation:

• Question 16: Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction where new plants grow from vegetative parts like bulbs. Daffodil and tulip bulbs growing into new flowers is an example of this. Budding (A) is seen in yeast, binary fission (B) in bacteria, and spore formation (C) in fungi like mushrooms.
• Question 17: Potato tubers and strawberry runners are modified stems. Potato tubers are underground stems that store food and can produce new plants, and strawberry runners (stolons) are horizontal stems that root at nodes to form new plants. They are clones of the parent plant (so A is wrong), used for asexual reproduction (so C is wrong as it's not sexual), and are stems not leaves (so D is wrong).
• Question 18: Grafting involves joining a section of one plant (scion) to another plant (rootstock). Cutting (A) is using a part of the plant (like a stem cutting) to grow a new plant, splitting (C) is less common in standard plant propagation terms compared to the more technical grafting, and air - layering (D) involves rooting a part of a stem while it's still attached to the parent plant.
• Question 19: The cell cycle consists of interphase (II, where the cell prepares for division), mitosis (I, nuclear division), and cytokinesis (III, cytoplasmic division). So it's I, II, and III.
• Question 20: During metaphase (D) of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle (equatorial plane) of the cell. In telophase (A), the nuclear envelope reforms, in anaphase (B) chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles, and in prophase (C) chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope starts to break down.

Answer:

1. D. vegetative propagation
2. B. They are like stems that produce new plants
3. B. grafting
4. D. I, II, and III
5. D. metaphase