Question

the country of bolivia was originally colonized by spain. however, by the early 1900s, most of its governments were controlled by a group of rich and powerful leaders who followed capitalist policies. during this time, tin and silver were important sources of wealth for the country, but only for the leaders. living conditions for the native people, who made up the majority of the population, remained terrible. with work opportunities limited to primitive conditions in the mines and in large estates having nearly feudal status, they had no access to education, economic opportunity, and political participation.
finally in 1951, the revolutionary nationalist movement (mnr) was elected as a political party supported by many groups. under its president, the mnr, having strong popular pressure, introduced universal voting into its political policies and carried out sweeping land - reforms promoting rural education and nationalization (government takeover) of the countrys largest tin mines.

1. 8. from the excerpt, which of the following most clearly show values of individualism? *

mark only one oval.
a. promoting tin and silver as valuable resources.
b. promoting land ownership, education, and nationalization of industries.
c. having governments made up of the richest and most influential people.
d. introducing universal voting.

1. 9. from the collectivist viewpoint, which group would benefit most from the election of the mnr?

mark only one oval.
a. the government
b. the mine workers
c. the businessmen who had previously owned the mines
d. the voters

Explanation:

• Question 8:
• Individualism emphasizes the rights and freedoms of the individual. Universal voting gives each individual the right to participate in the political process, which is a key aspect of individualism.
• Option A focuses on resources for leaders, not individual rights. Option B (land - ownership, education, nationalization) has more to do with collective or state - led initiatives. Option C is about a small elite group (not individualism).
• Question 9:
• Collectivism focuses on the well - being of the group. The MNR's actions like nationalization of mines would likely benefit the mine workers (a group) as they may get better working conditions, more say in the workplace, etc.
• The government (Option A) is more of an institution. The businessmen (Option C) would lose from nationalization. Voters (Option D) is a more individual - based concept compared to the group of mine workers.

Answer:

1. D. Introducing universal voting.
2. B. The mine workers.