Question

compare and contrast catabolic and anabolic pathways by writing characteristics of each in the chart below.
anabolic:
metabolism
catabolic:
describe atp and adp.
atp
explain how your body uses atp, and list the three parts of the molecule.
adp
explain how adp is made from atp.

Explanation:

Anabolic vs Catabolic Pathways:

• Anabolic (Metabolism): Builds complex molecules from simpler ones (e.g., protein synthesis, glycogen formation). Requires energy (endergonic), increases molecular complexity, and stores energy.
• Catabolic (Metabolism): Breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones (e.g., glycolysis, digestion). Releases energy (exergonic), decreases molecular complexity, and provides energy for cellular work.

ATP and ADP:

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):
• Structure: Adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose (5 - carbon sugar), and three phosphate groups ($PO_4^{3 - }$).
• Function: Primary energy currency of cells. Energy is released when the high - energy bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken. Used for processes like muscle contraction, active transport, and biosynthesis.
• ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate):
• Structure: Adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups.
• Formation from ATP: When ATP is used to provide energy for a cellular process, one phosphate group is removed (via hydrolysis), and energy is released. This reaction converts ATP to ADP: $ATP + H_2O

ightarrow ADP + P_i$ (inorganic phosphate) + energy.

Answer:

Anabolic (Metabolism) Characteristics:

• Builds complex molecules from simple ones.
• Endergonic (requires energy).
• Increases molecular complexity.
• Stores energy (e.g., in chemical bonds of macromolecules).

Catabolic (Metabolism) Characteristics:

• Breaks down complex molecules into simple ones.
• Exergonic (releases energy).
• Decreases molecular complexity.
• Provides energy for cellular work.

ATP:

• Structure: Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups.
• Function: Energy currency; energy released when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken. Used in muscle contraction, active transport, biosynthesis, etc.

ADP:

• Structure: Adenine, ribose, 2 phosphate groups.
• Formation from ATP: ATP loses one phosphate group (via hydrolysis: $ATP + H_2O

ightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$) when energy is used for cellular processes.