Question

cell parts and functions quiz
25 points

1. what is a cell? 5p
2. list 1 difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 2p
3. name one type of eukaryotic cell and one type of prokaryotic cell. 2p
4. what is an organelle? give one example. 2p
5. list 3 differences between plant cells and animal cells. 3p
6. for each of the following, complete either the organelle name or the organelle function. 8p

organelle name	function
nucleus
	assembles proteins
cytoplasm
cell membrane
	packages and transports proteins, chemicals and water
	cleans up wastes and invading organisms
vacuole

Explanation:

1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It can exist as a single - celled organism or as part of a multicellular organism.
2. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus and membrane - bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and various membrane - bound organelles.
3. An example of a eukaryotic cell is a human skin cell, and an example of a prokaryotic cell is a bacterium like Escherichia coli.
4. An organelle is a specialized structure within a cell that has a specific function. For example, the mitochondria.
5. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells lack these features (animal cells have small vacuoles and no cell wall or chloroplasts).

6.

• The organelle that is the powerhouse of the cell and provides energy is the mitochondria.
• The function of the nucleus is to control the cell's activities and store genetic information.
• The organelle that assembles proteins is the ribosome.
• The function of the cytoplasm is to hold the cell's organelles and is the site of many chemical reactions.
• The function of the cell membrane is to regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• The organelle that packages and transports proteins, chemicals, and water is the Golgi apparatus.
• The organelle that cleans up wastes and invading organisms is the lysosome.
• The function of the vacuole is to store substances such as water, nutrients, and waste products.

Answer:

1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus and membrane - bound organelles; eukaryotes have them.
3. Eukaryotic cell: human skin cell; Prokaryotic cell: Escherichia coli.
4. An organelle is a specialized structure within a cell with a specific function, e.g., mitochondria.
5. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole; animal cells don't.

6.

• Mitochondria
• Controls cell activities and stores genetic info
• Ribosome
• Holds organelles, site of chemical reactions
• Regulates substance movement in and out of cell
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosome
• Stores substances like water, nutrients, waste products