Question

bone remodelling: (adult) endochondrial
local areas of bone are destroyed & rebuilt.
repairs micro-damage caused by normal wear & tear
regulated by 2 control loops.
one is a negative feedback hormonal mechanism the other involves mechanical & gravitational forces
acting on the skeleton.
accositional growth: osteoclasts resorb old bone that lines the medullary cavity, while osteoblasts, via
intramembranous ossification, produce new bone tissue beneath the periosteum.
relationship between mechanical stress and bone density (osteoporosis, osteopina)
part 2: dem bones
types of joints (articulations):

1. synarthrotic - immovable joint, these junctions are called _____________________; skull
2. amphiarthrotic- slightly movable joint, _____________________
3. diarthrotic - freely movable joint,

\t\t\tball & socket\t|\thinge\t|\tpivot\t|\tsaddle
examples:
bones of the skull

1. _____________________ - anterior portion (forehead)
2. _____________________ - on each side of the top of skull
3. _____________________ - side, above ear
4. _____________________ - forms the back of the skull
5. _____________________ - within the cranium, partly visible in

eye socket (butterfly)

1. _____________________ - nasal cavity, visible in eye socket
2. _____________________ - forms upper jaws
3. _____________________ - lower jaws, only moveable

bone of the skull

1. _____________________ - cheek bones

types of broken bones: transverse, linear, oblique, open, spiral, greenstick, comminuted
www.biologycorner.com / biol_couskeletal-slides

Explanation:

Part 2: Dem Bones - Types of Joints (articulations)

1. Answer: Synarthrotic - immovable joint, these junctions are called sutures; skull

*: In the skull, immovable joints (synarthrotic) are called sutures, which are fibrous joints that connect skull bones.

1. Answer: Amphiarthrotic - slightly movable joint, e.g., pubic symphysis (or intervertebral discs)

*: Amphiarthrotic joints allow slight movement; common examples include the pubic symphysis (in the pelvis) or intervertebral discs (between vertebrae).

1. Answer: Diarthrotic - freely movable joint, examples include Ball & Socket (e.g., hip/shoulder), Hinge (e.g., knee/elbow), Pivot (e.g., neck), Saddle (e.g., thumb)

Bones of the Skull

1. Answer: Frontal bone - anterior portion (forehead)

*: The frontal bone forms the forehead (anterior skull).

1. Answer: Parietal bone - on each side of the top of skull

Answer:

*: Zygomatic bones form the cheekbones (malar bones).

Types of Broken Bones

• Transverse: Break is straight across the bone.
• Linear: Break runs parallel to the bone’s long axis.
• Oblique: Break is at an angle (not 90° or parallel).
• Open: Bone breaks through the skin (compound fracture).
• Spiral: Break occurs from twisting forces (bone “spirals”).
• Greenstick: Incomplete break (common in children, bone bends/cracks).
• Comminuted: Bone breaks into three or more fragments.