Question

biomolecule
monomer
monomer
example
function
structure
sources
monosaccharide
glucose
fructose
short term, quick energy
plants
fruits
glycerol and fatty acids
hormones
cholesterol
stored energy
oils
fats
butter
amino acid
amylase
lysine
enzymes
structural support
meat
eggs
dairy
nucleotide
rna
dna
storage of genetic material
blood
cultured cells
:: proteins
:: carbohydrates
:: lipids
:: nucleic acids

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each biomolecule category:

1. Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Carbohydrates (e.g., polysaccharides like starch, glycogen).
• Monomer: Monosaccharide (glucose, fructose are examples).
• Function: Short - term, quick energy (matches the given function).
• Structure: The hexagonal ring structure (matches the given structure) is typical of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
• Sources: Plants (produce glucose via photosynthesis), fruits (contain fructose, glucose).

2. Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids as Monomers)

• Biomolecule: Lipids (fats, oils, steroids like cholesterol, hormones).
• Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids (the building blocks of triglycerides, a type of lipid).
• Function: Stored energy (lipids are long - term energy storage molecules, and the “stored energy” function matches).
• Structure: The long - chain structure (with a carboxyl group at the end) is typical of fatty acids (when paired with glycerol, they form lipids).
• Sources: Oils (plant - based lipids), fats (animal - based lipids like butter).

3. Proteins (Amino Acid as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Proteins (enzymes like amylase, structural proteins, etc.).
• Monomer: Amino acid (the given amino acid structure with the amino group ($-NH_2$), carboxyl group ($-COOH$), hydrogen, and R - group is correct for amino acids).
• Function: Enzymes (catalytic function), structural support (e.g., collagen). The examples amylase (enzyme) and lysine (an amino acid, which is a monomer of proteins) fit.
• Sources: Meat, eggs, dairy (rich in protein - containing amino acids).

4. Nucleic Acids (Nucleotide as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA).
• Monomer: Nucleotide (composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base).
• Function: Storage of genetic material (DNA stores genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis).
• Structure: The structure shown (with a sugar - phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases) is typical of nucleic acids.
• Sources: Blood (contains DNA/RNA from cells), cultured cells (rich in nucleic acids as they are part of cells).

If we assume the task is to fill in the “Biomolecule” column:

• For the row with monomer “Monosaccharide”: Biomolecule is Carbohydrate
• For the row with monomer “Glycerol and fatty acids”: Biomolecule is Lipid
• For the row with monomer “Amino acid”: Biomolecule is Protein
• For the row with monomer “Nucleotide”: Biomolecule is Nucleic Acid

Final Answers (for Biomolecule column, row - by - row):

1. (Monosaccharide row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Carbohydrate}}\)
2. (Glycerol and fatty acids row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Lipid}}\)
3. (Amino acid row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Protein}}\)
4. (Nucleotide row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Nucleic Acid}}\)

Answer:

To solve this, we analyze each biomolecule category:

1. Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Carbohydrates (e.g., polysaccharides like starch, glycogen).
• Monomer: Monosaccharide (glucose, fructose are examples).
• Function: Short - term, quick energy (matches the given function).
• Structure: The hexagonal ring structure (matches the given structure) is typical of monosaccharides (e.g., glucose).
• Sources: Plants (produce glucose via photosynthesis), fruits (contain fructose, glucose).

2. Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids as Monomers)

• Biomolecule: Lipids (fats, oils, steroids like cholesterol, hormones).
• Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids (the building blocks of triglycerides, a type of lipid).
• Function: Stored energy (lipids are long - term energy storage molecules, and the “stored energy” function matches).
• Structure: The long - chain structure (with a carboxyl group at the end) is typical of fatty acids (when paired with glycerol, they form lipids).
• Sources: Oils (plant - based lipids), fats (animal - based lipids like butter).

3. Proteins (Amino Acid as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Proteins (enzymes like amylase, structural proteins, etc.).
• Monomer: Amino acid (the given amino acid structure with the amino group ($-NH_2$), carboxyl group ($-COOH$), hydrogen, and R - group is correct for amino acids).
• Function: Enzymes (catalytic function), structural support (e.g., collagen). The examples amylase (enzyme) and lysine (an amino acid, which is a monomer of proteins) fit.
• Sources: Meat, eggs, dairy (rich in protein - containing amino acids).

4. Nucleic Acids (Nucleotide as Monomer)

• Biomolecule: Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA).
• Monomer: Nucleotide (composed of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base).
• Function: Storage of genetic material (DNA stores genetic information, RNA is involved in protein synthesis).
• Structure: The structure shown (with a sugar - phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases) is typical of nucleic acids.
• Sources: Blood (contains DNA/RNA from cells), cultured cells (rich in nucleic acids as they are part of cells).

If we assume the task is to fill in the “Biomolecule” column:

• For the row with monomer “Monosaccharide”: Biomolecule is Carbohydrate
• For the row with monomer “Glycerol and fatty acids”: Biomolecule is Lipid
• For the row with monomer “Amino acid”: Biomolecule is Protein
• For the row with monomer “Nucleotide”: Biomolecule is Nucleic Acid

Final Answers (for Biomolecule column, row - by - row):

1. (Monosaccharide row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Carbohydrate}}\)
2. (Glycerol and fatty acids row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Lipid}}\)
3. (Amino acid row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Protein}}\)
4. (Nucleotide row) \(\boldsymbol{\text{Nucleic Acid}}\)